问题 单项选择题

女,34岁,因原发性甲亢行甲状腺双侧次全切除术。有关术中操作,正确的是()

A.结扎切断甲状腺上动脉要远离甲状腺上极

B.结扎切断甲状腺下动脉要靠近甲状腺背面

C.切除腺体的70%~80%

D.止血后不必放引流

E.需保留腺体的背面部分

答案

参考答案:E

解析:手术应紧贴甲状腺上极结扎、切断甲状腺上动静脉,以避免损伤喉上神经;如要结扎甲状腺下动脉,则要尽量离开腺体背面,靠近颈总动脉结扎其主干,以避免损伤喉返神经。手术通常需切除腺体的80%~90%,并同时切除峡部。必须保存两叶腺体背面部分,以免损伤喉返神经和甲状旁腺。手术野应常规放置橡皮管引流24~48小时,并随时观察和及时引流切口内的积血,预防积血压迫气管,引起窒息。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Homelessness is a huge problem all over the world. It’s said that each day there are about 1 million people living on the streets in the US. It is a serious problem which should be dealt with effectively.

There are two main reasons for people leaving their homes: poverty and less affordable houses due to bad economic conditions. Other reasons include: domestic violence, divorce, and mental illness. Living without a home makes people main targets of violence activities and besides, these homeless people have to face the following difficulties on a daily basis.

They have to move about, carrying their belongings, which makes it difficult for the charity and the government to help them. They have limited access to bathrooms and restrooms and are forced to live in dirty conditions, making them easy to be attacked by diseases. They have limited access to health-care facilities in case of emergency, and almost no access to education as they have no money. They are often ill-treated by society, which makes them unfriendly, often ending up being involved in activities connected with crime like selling drugs or guns.

Homelessness is not something that happened overnight --- it has been in the country for decades. The society usually believes those living on the street to be mentally unstable. This belief is partially true. Most of them are normal people just like you and me.

The federal government is doing all it can to help but it is not enough, so the ordinary citizens have to stand up and try to help whenever it’s possible. There are various organizations, such as charity organizations that are working constantly to make sure that homeless people find a shelter to live in. the united efforts have helped millions of people return to their normal lifestyle. However, there is still a long way to go before a better situation is created for all the homeless.

小题1:Homeless people suffer from all the following except __________.

A.violent activities

B.disease attack

C.moving a lot

D.heavy work小题2:The homeless are usually treated as __________.

A.having mental problems

B.a danger to society

C.physically disabled people

D.being too lazy to do anything小题3:Which of the following are mentioned to help solve the problem of the homeless?

① the government ② homeless people ③ charity organizations ④ the ordinary citizens

A.①②③

B.①③④

C.①②④

D.②③④小题4:What can we learn from the passage?

A.Most homeless people died of hunger and cold.

B.The homeless should work hard to change their own situation.

C.The homeless problem is a serious problem that need solving effectively.

D.The homeless people have nothing to take when they move about.