问题 问答题 简答题

什么是药品销售的“大包”“小包”“办事处”模式,分别适用于什么样的企业和产品。

答案

参考答案:

⑴大包就是厂家低价供货,产品出厂后的招投标、开发、促销工作全部由经销商来完成。适用于中小企业。大包销售模式适用于市场进入壁垒高的产品,比如大输液和部分中高端针剂抗生素,或适用于新兴企业的产品的市场导入期,企业可以借助大包代理人的力量实现部分资本和市场网络资源的累积。⑵小包就是厂家(大区域经销商)负责产品的招投标、开发甚至回款(费用),经销商(自然人)负责产品的促销上量工作。小包销售模式也适用于中小企业的。这种销售模式适用于两网建设相对滞后的区域,因为这类市场的药品购销渠道尚不顺畅,而药商地位却相对牢固。借助药商,可以有效打开药品的销售量。⑶办事处为厂家设立独立经销点,由经销点负责整个地区的各项销售任务。适用于中大企业。因为办事处需要的资金门槛高,小企业难以胜任。一体化的管理模式,更有利于公司的决策。适用于在市场上已有一定销量的药品,维持药品的稳步销售。

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Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychologists refer (1) this step as problem representation. For many problems, figuring (2) which information is relevant and (3) is extraneous can be difficult and can interfere (4) arriving at a good solution. Clearly, before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious (5) the problem is, however, this is not as easy (6) it might seem. One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness, that is, allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices (7) color the facts. Most people tend (8) see objects and events in certain fixed ways, and by being inflexible in viewing the problem, they may be unable to notice the tools (9) the solution. Once the problem is identified accurately, (10) , the second step consists (11) considering the alternatives for a solution. A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them (12) and then make a list (13) advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again, people may be limited by prior experiences. Often people adopt mental sets (14) lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems (15) the past. Although that can be helpful most (16) the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. (17) that case, the mental set must be abandoned, (18) new alternatives must be explored.
After the alternatives have been compared, a strategy must be selected (19) among them. One way to avoid becoming mired in the options is (20) try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another (21) the results are unfavorable. This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously (22) the next step—action. The strategy selected must be implemented and tested. If it solves the problem, no further action is necessary, but if (23) , then the cycle begins again, starting (24) problem identification. By continuing to review the problem (25) repeat the problem-solving steps, the solution can be improved upon and refined.