问题 问答题

东方式插花的表现技巧

答案

参考答案:

(一)符合植物生长规律

1.起把紧,上散下聚

插花时,以花器视作大地,各枝条的基部插口应集中靠拢,显示植物的盎然生机。如松

散交叉就像杂草丛生,既无生气也失美感。

2、光源一致性

(二)融书法画理于插花中

1.讲究线条

东方人认为线比面更有情趣,富于生气,更能抒发感情。故多用木本枝条为主材,运用枝条的形态表现不同的内涵。粗枝劲干表现雄壮气势;纤细柔枝表现温馨秀丽。

2.参差不齐

插花的位置不可太均匀对称、平齐成列,要高低俯仰,前后伸展,既符合植物自然生长的形态又符合书画结构布局的要求。数量上宜单不宜双,形体上则不可太单一,要有所变化,才能让人有意犹未尽之感,具品尝之乐。

3.虚实相生

有虚实就有层次、深度和生气。插花不可过密,过密则不透风,显露不出每朵花所特有的风姿。花之间应有空位,花色太浓时宜用白色小花使之淡化;材质太硬、太重时,则宜加插些轻柔的枝叶使之柔和,这些都是虚实的运用手法。

4.宾主分明

插花时要确定宾主关系,以便主题集中,避免主次不明而散漫。“主”是作品的主要内容、主要花材、主要色调和主要姿势。一个作品不可能有太多内容,否则杂乱无章,无以适从。

作品主题,往往是形体以外的意境,需通过素材的形体、构图表达出来,所以选材时要围绕主题,使之能反映出主题所要表现的气氛和内容。即使只表现花材的姿容,而不表达什么意境,也应选定主要的花材及其姿态,或亭亭玉立,或飞舞横斜,以突出动人姿态。

三、基本花型的插作一般花型多由三个主枝构成骨架,然后再在各主枝的周围,长短不一地插些辅助枝条以填补空间,使花型丰满并富有层次感。

第一枝:一般选取最有代表性的枝条作第一枝,以定花型,如直立、倾斜或下垂。第一枝的长度取花器高度和直径(长度)之和的1.5-2倍。

第二枝:一般与第一枝用同一种花材,以补第一枝不足,向前或向后伸展,使花型具有一定的宽度和深度,呈现立体感。其长度约为第一枝的1/2-2/3。

第三枝:主要作用是使花型得以均衡。可与第一、二枝同一种花材,也可另选其他花材。一般第一、二枝用木本时,则第三枝多选草本,以求形体和色彩有所变化,插在第二枝相对一侧,长度为第一枝的1/3。

各主枝周围的辅助枝条,根据需要而定,原则上其长度不可超越所陪衬的主枝,当选用相同花材时,则辅助枝宜另选草本花材。各枝条的相互位置和插置角度不同,则花型就有所不同。

(一)直立型

表现植株直立生长的形态。总体轮廓应保持高大于宽,呈直立状。因使用容器的不同,可分外两类,即浅盆插直立型和瓶插直立型

(二)直上型

直上型也属直立型的一种形式,只是花型较窄,强调直立向上,各枝条张开的角度较小,插在花器中央。(三)倾斜型

主要表现侧向偏斜的姿态,具有动感之美。总体轮廓应呈倾斜状。

(四)下垂型

表现枝条柔软飘洒的形态,适于蔓性植物,宜用高型花器或摆设于高处,以充分显露下垂的妙韵。第一枝在瓶口以下,向斜倾方向伸展。总体轮廓应呈下斜状。

(五)对称型

对称型可以插成直立的也可插成倾斜的,主要决定于第一枝的角度。

(六)写景式插花

表现自然群落的景观或特定的自然风光。表现形式活泼、技法多样。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     One evening after dinner, Mr. and Mrs. William called a family meeting. "We've had to make a difficult

decision." Mr. William announced. "You see, your mother has been offered a post as co-director of a

television in Chicago. Unluckily, the station is not here. After thinking long and hard about it, we've concluded

(下结论) that the right decision is to move to Chicago."

     Peter looked shocked, while his sister Amy breathlessly started asking when they'd be moving:"It's

surprising, but exciting!" she said. Peter simply said, "We can't go-I can't leave all my friends. I'd rather stay

here and live with Tommy!"

     Mr. and Mrs. William hoped that by the time they moved in August, Peter would grow more accustomed

(习惯) to the idea of leaving. However, he showed no signs of accepting the news, refusing to pack his

belongings (物品).

     When the morning of the move arrived, Peter was nowhere to be found. His parents called Tommy's house,

but Tommy's mother said she hadn't seen Peter. Mrs. William became increasingly worried, while her husband

felt angry with their son for behaving so irresponsibly (不负责任).

     What they didn't know was that Peter had started walking over to Tommy's house, with a faint idea of

hiding in Tommy's attic (阁楼) for a few days. But something happened on the way as Peter walked past all

the familiar landscape of the neighborhood: the fence that he and his mother painted, the tree that he and his

sister used to climb, the park where he and his father often took evening walks together. How much would

these mean without his family, who make them special in the first place? Peter didn't take the time to answer

that question but instead hurried back to his house, wondering if there were any moving cartons (纸板箱) the

right size to hold his record collection.

1. The conflict (分歧) in this story was caused by _____.

A. Peter and Amy's different tempers (脾气)

B. a quarrel (争吵) between Tommy and Peter

C. Peter's disagreement with his parents about their move

D. Mr. and Mrs. William's words of Peter's irresponsibility

2. Peter and Amy were both _____ after hearing the move.

A. surprised

B. angry and worried

C. anxious for more details

D. worried about packing

3. The reason for Peter's going home was that _____.

A. he did not want to be left behind

B. he realized his family was essential (重要的) with him

C. he hoped to reach an agreement with his parents

D. He wished to be a more responsible person

4. What would more probably happen next?

A. Peter would bring his records over to the Tommy's house.

B. Mr. and Mrs. William would call the police.

C. Peter would join his family for house moving.

D. Mr. and Mrs. William would start searching for Peter.

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