问题 阅读理解

阅读短文,选择正确答案。

    We are often asked to make a speech in life. Most of us are afraid of it and don't do a good job. Here are

some simple steps to make your speech a successful one. First of all, find out everything you can about your

subject and at the same time find out as much as you can about your audience. Who are they? What do they

know about your subject? Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech.Then try to arrenge your

material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible. Never forget your

audience. Don't talk over their heads or talk down to them. When you are giving your speech, speak slowly and

clearly, look at your audience and pause for a few seconds from time to time to give your audience chances to

think over what you've said. Just remember: be prepared, know your subject and your audience, say what you

have to say and be yourself so that your ideas will bring you and your audience together.

1. "Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech." means that while preparing your speech, you must

    ________. [ ]

A. put your shoes away and put on theirs

B. try on their shoes to see if they fit you

C. wear the shoes in the same size as theirs

D. He wondered if he was in good health.

2. When he is giving his speech, the speaker should ________. [ ]

A. let his eyes rest on the subject

B. follow the audience step by step

C. face the audience in a natural way

D. look up and sown from time to time

3. During the course of a speech, it is not right for a speaker to ________. [ ]

A. think nothing of the audience

B. speak in a clear voice

C. take a short stop at times

D. give a lot of examples

4. What does the underlined word "pause" mean in the passage? [ ]

A. listen

B. stop

C. chjoose

D. search

5. Which title best gives the main idea of the passage? [ ]

A. How to Remember the Audience

B. How to Pick out the Topic for a Speech

C. How to Prepare the Material for a Speech

D. How to Iprove Your Speech

答案

1. B   2. C   3. A   4. B   5. D

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,回答问题。

我国饮用水战略

历史上,人类一般从河流取水。到19世纪,开始建城市水源水库存水。20世纪上半叶,由于污染严重,又开始建自来水厂制水。20世纪下半叶,自来水厂也难以保证饮用水质量,饮水机应运而生。到了21世纪,这种“退缩战略”,更进一步发展为用瓶装水来保证饮用水质量。但这只是改善了部分人的饮水质量,相当多的人不能受益。同时,由于放弃了对水生态系统的修复,还会降低灌溉水的量和质,甚至使我们吃含污染成分的食品,再回到“质量型饥饿”的贫困状态。.

与“退缩战略”的做法恰恰相反的是“扩张战略”,从修复水生态系统入手,保证河流水源地供水质量,从而保证自来水直饮,至于饮水机和瓶装水只是辅助手段。很显然,前一种战略是治标的战略,后一种是治本的战略。

从根本上解决我国的饮用水问题,必须采取大系统、长周期的策略。

我国饮用水问题的主要矛盾是水量型和水质型缺水,解决这两个问题都必须节水。提高灌溉利用系数0.15,即可以解决农业缺水;提高工业用水重复利用率20%,并实现工业节水,即可解决城市缺水。建设节水型社会是我国解决饮用水问题的关键,尤其是节水能力形成的价格基本上只有南水北调进京价格的1/2。

目前我国最缺水的是华北和西北地区。华北在历史上并不缺水,19世纪中叶以前,长城以北的华北广大地区都是牧区,畜牧业是与自然良性循环的产业。后来,华北北部和内蒙南部的牧区全变成了农区。为了保证农业用水,黄河和海河及其大部分支流断流,地下水位急剧降低,生态系统遭到破坏。与此同时,牧民北迁到载畜力很低的贫瘠草原,严重破坏当地植被,降低保水能力,从而造成整个华北全面缺水。在陕北和甘肃北部也有同样的现象。我们应做20年规划,在上述地区实行“退农还牧,退牧还草”的政策,使当地的水资源承载能力与产业结构和种植结构相适应。

我国南方,尤其是东南沿海乡镇企业和养殖业发达,造成了严重的污染,不仅侵害了江河湖沼等地表饮用水源,而且侵害了浅层地下水源,对城市和农村的饮用水都造成了直接威胁。解决这个问题必须突破目前以行政区划为主的治污思路,以流域为单元治理。

目前许多原以河流为饮用水源的城市都建立了自备饮用水源水库,这种战略弊大于利。除了水库产生本底污染,水质会逐年下降,城市保护水源水库的总投入也大于对流域生态系统的修复投入。所以,城市只有肩负起修复水生态系统的责任,才能真正实现“流水不腐”。

下列对文章内容的分析和理解,正确的一项是( )

A.“扩张战略”是指在对水的治理范围上逐步扩张,最终修复地域水生态系统的战略。

B.19世纪中叶以前华北并不缺水,但由于产业与种植结构改变,成了最缺水的地区之一。

C.节水能力形成的价格优势,可以有效解决我国饮用水水量型和水质型缺水的矛盾。

D.城市建立自备饮用水源水库的最大弊端是总投入大于对流域生态系统修复的投入。

单项选择题