问题 单项选择题

老年患者应用时须注意跌倒风险()

A.艾司唑仑

B.右佐匹克隆

C.阿戈美拉汀

D.多塞平

E.雷美尔通

答案

参考答案:A

解析:

本组题考查治疗失眠症的药物特点、合理用药及注意事项。雷美尔通为褪黑素受体MT和MT激动剂,可缩短睡眠潜伏期,提高睡眠效率,增加总睡眠时间,用于治疗以入睡困难为主诉的失眠以及昼夜节律失调性睡眠障碍;由于没有药物依赖性,也不会产生戒断症状,已获准用于长期治疗失眠;故选项E为题1的正确答案。苯二氮类药物的不良反应包括日间困倦、头昏、肌张力下降、跌倒和认知功能减退等,老年患者应用时尤须注意跌倒风险,故选项A为题2的正确答案。

新型非苯二氮类药物仅有单一的催眠作用,无肌肉松弛和抗惊厥作用,半衰期短,次日残余效应被最大限度地降低,一般不产生日困倦,产生药物依赖的风险较传统苯二氮类药物低,目前推荐为治疗失眠的一线药物,故选项B为题3的正确答案。

阿戈美拉汀既是褪黑素受体激动剂也是5-羟色胺受体拮抗剂,因此具有抗抑郁和催眠双重作用,能够改善抑郁障碍相关的失眠,缩短睡眠潜伏期,故选项C为题4的正确答案。

低剂量的多塞平因有专一性抗组胺机制可以改善成年和老年慢性失眠患者的睡眠状况,具有临床耐受性良好、无戒断效应的特点。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     The Spring Festival, Chinese Lunar New Year, is China's most significant holiday of the year, when families get together to celebrate. In modern times, however, the old ways of spending the New Year no longer meet the needs of young people, who have created various new ways to celebrate the traditional holiday.

    In today's society, people are not as stable as they used to be, changing jobs and moving to another city to work is quite common. Having a big family

reunion dinner is difficult.

    People who have a longer holiday such as Li Qian, a magazine editor,

prefer to go outside the city to celebrate.

   "We are going to walk alongside the Yellow River, chen go to the Shaaxi

countryside to celebrate the New Year,"said Li. "I feel that I can only have a

truly traditional New Year celebration in the countryside. "

     Last year, Li spent the  New Year with his friends in Junxian County ,

central China's Henan Province. Interested in folk craftwork , Li bought two boxes of local products such as a special kind of mud sculpture (混塑) and

New Year paintings, only available during the Spring Festival.

   "Everything in the countryside is very traditional, just like how people

celebrated the New Year in old times, while in the city there isn't much

holiday atmosphere," Li said. "The farmers are very down-to-earth and they

have kept all the traditions. "

1. What happens to Chinese Lunar New Year in modern times?       

A. All people return home before the day comes as usual.

B. Most people spend their New Year with their friends after returning home.

C. Some people can't return home to celebrate the New Year because they

have noholidays.

D. Some people prefer to spend their New Year like Mr. Li, even if they have longer holidays.

2. Why does Mr. Li like to go to the countryside to celebrate the New Year?

A. Because he wants to have a truely traditional New Year.

B. Because he doesn't want to celebrate it in the city.

C. Because he has no family to celebrate with.

D. Because the farmer in the countryside needs his help a lot.    

3. What does the underlined words "folk craftwork " mean in this passage?

A.她产品                

B.好吃的东西

C. 手工艺品            

D.风土人情  

4. After reading the passage, what can we know about the attitude of the

young people to the New Year?

A. They enjoy the old way their parents celebrate the New Year.

B. They are interested in staying at home watching TV programs.

C. They have no interest in celebrating the New Year traditionally.

D. They prefer new ways to celebrate the New Year.   

5. What does the writer want to tell us in this passage?

A. Traditional celebration is changing in today's world.

B. No young people like to celebrate the New Year.

C. Only do we go to the countryside we can celebrate Chinese New Year.

D. Traditional celebration is no longer in China.

名词解释