问题 单项选择题

患者,男,68岁,左侧抖动和行走缓慢5个月,临床诊断为帕金森病。 该患者首选的治疗药物为()

A.苯海索

B.多巴丝肼

C.金刚烷胺

D.普拉克索

E.司来吉兰

答案

参考答案:B

解析:

本组题考查帕金森病治疗药物的选用、合理用药。老年(≥65岁)帕金森患者首选复方左旋多巴,故选项B为题1的正确答案。若在早期阶段选用复方左旋多巴治疗的患者如症状改善不显著,可添加多巴胺受体激动剂(普拉克索)、司来吉兰或金刚烷胺或恩托卡朋,故选项A为题2的正确答案。

老年男性患者尽可能不用苯海索,除非是有严重震颤并明显影响日常生活能力的患者。苯海索禁用于闭角型青光眼及前列腺肥大患者,故选项D为题3的正确答案。帕金森的药物治疗坚持"low"和"slow"原则,从小剂量开始,缓慢滴定增量;停药时逐渐减量,避免病情恶化。使用苯海索的患者,如需加用左旋多巴.需隔开2~3小时。多巴丝肼易诱发致残性的运动并发症(症状波动、异动),用药应个体化。普拉克索连续大量使用产生受体低敏,疗效减退。复方左旋多巴对闭角型青光眼、精神病患者禁用,故选项B为题4的正确答案。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Most plants can make their own food from sunlight, (1) some have discovered that stealing is an easier way to live. Thousands of plant species get by (2) photosynthesizing, and over 400 of these species seem to live by pilfering sugars from an underground (3) of fungi(真菌). But in (4) a handful of these plants has this modus operandi been traced to a relatively obscure fungus. To find out how (5) are (6) , mycologist Martin Bidartondo of the University of California at Berkeley and his team looked in their roots. What they found were (7) of a common type of fungus, so (8) that it is found in nearly 70 percent of all plants. The presence of this common fungus in these plants not only (9) at how they survive, says Bidartondo, but also suggests that many ordinary plants might prosper from a little looting, too.

Plants have (10) relations to get what they need to survive. Normal, (11) plants can make their own carbohydrates through photosynthesis, but they still need minerals. Most plants have (12) a symbiotic relationship with a (13) network of what are called my corrhizal fungi, which lies beneath the forest (14) . The fungi help green plants absorb minerals through their roots, and (15) , the plants normally (16) the fungi with sugars, or carbon with a number of plants sharing the same fungal web, it was perhaps (17) that a few cheaters—dubbed epiparasites—would evolve to beat the system. (18) , these plants reversed the flow of carbon, (19) it into their roots from the fungi (20) releasing it as "payment.\

18()

A. in time

B. overtime

C. at times

D. behind time