问题 实验题

Ⅰ.已知测定中和热的实验步骤如下:①量取50mL 0.25 mol/L硫酸倒入小烧杯中,测量温度     ②量取50mL 0.55mol/L NaOH溶液,测量温度;   ③将NaOH溶液倒入小烧杯中,混合均匀后测量混合液温度。请回答:

(1)NaOH溶液稍过量的原因                                      

(2)加入NaOH溶液的正确操作是          (填字母)。

A.沿玻璃棒缓慢加入       B.一次迅速加入       C.分三次加入

(3)使硫酸与NaOH溶液混合均匀的正确操作是                            

(4)设溶液的密度均为1g·cm-3,中和后溶液的比热容c="4.18" J·(g·℃)-1,请根据实验数据求出中和热为            写出该反应的热化学方程式_________                

(5)若将含0.5 mol H2SO4的浓硫酸与含1 mol NaOH的溶液混合,放出的热量         (填“小于”、“等于”或“大于”)57.3 kJ,原因是                               

Ⅱ.某烧碱样品含有少量不与酸作用的杂质,为了测定其纯度,进行以下操作:

A.在250 mL的容量瓶中定容配成250 mL烧碱溶液

B.用碱式滴定管量取25.00 mL烧碱溶液于锥形瓶中,并滴入几滴酚酞作指示剂

C.在天平上准确称取烧碱样品W g,在烧杯中用蒸馏水溶解

D.将物质的量浓度为M的标准硫酸溶液装入润洗好的酸式滴定管中,调节液面使开始读数为V1 mL

E.在锥形瓶下垫一张白纸,滴定至溶液恰好由红色变为无色时,记下读数为V2 mL

试填空:

(1)正确操作步骤的顺序是                                   (用字母表示)。

(2)观察滴定管液面的高度时应注意                                          

                                                                        

(3)E步骤的操作中锥形瓶下垫一张白纸的作用是                               。

(4)某学生实验时把锥形瓶用烧碱样品溶液洗涤,使测定的浓度_________(填“偏高”“偏低”或“无影响”),原因是                                               

(5)该烧碱样品纯度的计算式为_________________________。

答案

Ⅰ、(1)确保硫酸被完全中和 (2)B     (3)用环形玻璃棒轻轻搅动

(4)56.85 kJ·mol-1   , H2SO4(aq)+2NaOH(aq)=Na2SO4(aq)+2H2O    ΔH=-113.7kJ·mol-1

(5)大于  浓硫酸溶于水放出热量

Ⅱ.答案:(1)CABDE

(2)滴定管要直立,装液后需等1~2 min后才能观察液面高度;读数时视线与液体的凹液面及刻度线在同一水平面上,读数应准确至0.01 mL

(3)使滴定终点颜色变化更明显,便于分辨      (4)偏高

因碱液样品沾在锥形瓶内壁使烧碱的物质的量增加,耗用标准酸的体积偏大,故烧碱浓度偏高

(5)0.8(V2-V1)M/W×100%

填空题


A Recent Erymology of the Word "Culture"“文化”一词的新词源
Look in an old dictionary—say, a pre-1960 Webster’s—and you’ll likely find a definition of culture (1) looks something like this: "1.The cultivation of soil. 2.The raising, improvement, or development of some plant, animal (2) product. " This use of the word has its roots in the ancient Latin word cultura, "cultivation" or "tending," and (3) entrance into the English language had begun by the year 1430. By the time the Webster’s definition above was (4) , another definition had begun to take precedence over the old Latin denotation; culture was coming to mean "the training, (5) , and refinement of mind, tastes, and manners" (Oxford English Dictionary). The OED traces this definition, which today we associate (6) the phrase "high culture," back as far as 1805; by the middle of the 20th century, it was (7) becoming the word’s primary definition.
However, if you try a more modem source, like the American Heritage English Dictionary, (8) find a primary definition of culture which is substantially different than either of the two given above: "The totality (9) socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought. " Why such a (10) , and in such a (relatively) short period of time Well, in the past 40 years, the use of the (11) "culture" has been heavily influenced by the academic fields of sociology and cultural anthropology. These fields have gradually brought (12) was once a minor definition of culture (the last of eight definitions given in the old 1958 Webster’s quoted (13) ) into the mainstream.
It is easy to imagine how the US society which was so focused on "socially transmitted (14) patterns" in the sixties would come to need a word to describe the object of its interest. The civil (15) movement during this era brought everyone’s attention to bear on cultural differences within US society, while the Vietnam War (16) to emphasize the position of the US culture in relation to other world cultures.
Over time, these new uses (17) the word culture have eclipsed its older meanings, those associated with cultivation of the land and the production of (18) . You might say that an aspect of US culture over the past 40 years is its fascination with the (19) of culture itself—a fascination which has brought about many changes in the way we speak and the (20) of words which we commonly use.

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