问题 单项选择题

患者,男,42岁,胃癌根治术后,病理检查结果为胃窦低分化腺癌,肝肾功能正常。化疗方案为奥沙利铂+氟尿嘧啶+亚叶酸钙。 下列关于奥沙利铂的说法中错误的是()

A.其神经系统毒性与剂量大小无关

B.应给予预防性或治疗性的止吐用药

C.直肠癌的首选药之一

D.与氯化钠和碱性溶液(特别是氟尿嘧啶)之间存在配伍禁忌

E.与氟尿嘧啶联合应用具有协同抗肿瘤作用

答案

参考答案:A

解析:

(1)奥沙利铂是胃肠道癌的常用药,是结直肠癌的首选药之一,它的神经毒性(包括感觉周围神经病)是剂量依赖性的,减低神经毒性可口服维生素B、B和烟酰胺等。如在停止使用奥沙利铂后,神经系统症状有所改善,可考虑继续奥沙利铂治疗。因与氯化钠和碱性溶液(特别是氟尿嘧啶)之间存在配伍禁忌,所以奥沙利铂一定不能与上述制剂混合或通过同一静脉途径给药。用药时需注意给予预防性或治疗性止吐药。奥沙利铂与氟尿嘧啶联合应用具有协同抗肿瘤作用。

(2)氟尿嘧啶属于胸腺核苷合成酶抑制剂,是抗代谢抗肿瘤药,通过干扰细胞的代谢过程,导致肿瘤细胞死亡。用药期间不宜饮酒或同用阿司匹林类药,以减少消化道出血的可能。与甲氨蝶呤合用,两者可产生协同作用。应当先给予甲氨蝶呤,4~6h后再给予氟尿嘧啶。典型不良反应分为急性毒性和迟发毒性,急性毒性包括恶心、呕吐、腹泻,迟发毒性包括口腔及胃肠溃疡、骨髓功能抑制、脱发、潮红、小脑失调。氟尿嘧啶用于消化道肿瘤、绒毛膜上皮癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、肺癌、宫颈癌、膀胱癌及皮肤癌。

阅读理解

III. 阅读 (共两节,满分40分)

第—节阅读理解 (共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Two-legged, humanoid (类人的) robots such as Honda Motor Co. Ltd’s ASIMO would likely have an easier time climbing up stairs inside homes than a robot that moves on wheels, developers say.

But it will be some time before such devices make their way into people’s homes.

“They may look smart, but they are still quite stupid,” Shimoyama said. “I don’t think they will ever be as smart as humans.”

While safety is an obvious concern, robots also need to be sensitive to people’s needs.

Researchers at Fujitsu Frontech Ltd and Fujitsu L       aboratories responsible for developing “Enon”, a guide and patrol (巡逻) robot designed for use in shopping malls and corporate facilities (公共场所), are working on this.

Enon, which has a humanoid upper body but no legs, is equipped with a touch screen on its chest and space in its belly to carry loads weighting up to 10 kg.

In guide mode, it will detect a newcomer and approach the person with a nod and a greeting: “Are you a visitor? Hello.”

Visitors requiring directions can point to icons (图标) displayed on Enon’s chest screen. If the restroom icon is pressed, the screen will display a map that shows the way.

The robot will then face and point in the direction of the restroom, although it won’t actually walk the visitor there.

Enon is now in use at four locations in Japan, including a shopping mall near Tokyo. The main goal is to make it more helpful for the elderly.

“People who work in the transportation sector often ask whether we can build a robot that will find elderly people who look lost in train stations, and ask them if they are all right,” said Toshihido Marita, director of Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd’s autonomous system laboratory. “Actually that is hard to do, very hard,” he said.

41. The advantage of Honda Motor Co. Ltd’s ASIMO is that _________.

A. it can do any housework for us       B. it can talk with patients or old people

C. it can climb up stairs as humans      D. it can walk smoothly with its wheels

42. According to Shimoyama, robots _________.

A. can be made to do everything humans do 

B. will be made as smart as humans in the future

C. will remain as stupid as before

D. can never compete with humans in intelligence

43. Most important of all, a robot should be made _________ at present.

A. safe and elegant                           B. safe and functional

C. elegant and cheap                         D. sensitive and cheap

44. Which of the following statements about “Enon” is NOT true?

A. It can be used as a guide in hospitals. 

B. It can help shoppers carry goods selected.

C. It can be used to welcome guests in restaurants.

D. It can be used to stop thieves in malls.

45. Enon is mainly designed to help _________.

A. old people           B. mall owners        C. tourists or newcomers   D. shoppers

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