问题 材料题

阅读下列材料:

材料一:我们以这些殖民地的善良人民的名义和权力宣布:这些联合殖民地从此成为、而且名正言顺地应当成为自由独立的合众国;它们解除对于英王的一切隶属关系,而它们与大不列颠王国之间的一切政治联系也应从此完全废止。

材料二:一幢裂开的房子是站不住的,我相信这个政府不能永远维持半奴隶和半自由的状态。我不期待联邦解散,我不期待房子坍塌,但我的确希望它停止分裂。 ——1858年6月林肯的演讲《裂开了的房子》

材料三:美国独立战争为资本主义发展扫清了外部障碍,美国内战为资本主义发展扫清了内部障碍。

请回答:

(1)材料一是《独立宣言》的条文,该文献的公布具有怎样的历史意义?

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(2)依据材料二并结合所学知识,指出林肯当选美国总统后,首要完成的任务是什么?又是怎样解决的?

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(3)材料三中划线部分各指什么?

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(4)依据上述材料,你认为美国之所以成为当今世界上最发达的资本主义国家的基本前提是什么?

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答案

(1)美国诞生(标志着北美13个殖民地脱立英国独立)。  

(2)维护国家统一;美国内战(或南北战争)。  

(3)分别指英国的殖民统治和黑人奴隶制度。  

(4)民族独立,国家统一。

单项选择题

Many researchers have found greater dependence and obedience in very young girls, greater autonomy and activity in boys. When a barrier is set up to separate children from their mothers, boys try to knock it down; girls cry helplessly. There is little doubt that mother’s encouragement or discouragement—of such behavior plays a major role in determining adult personality. For example, a mother often stimulates male autonomy by throwing a toy far away from her young son, thus silently suggesting to him that he leaves her to get it.
Animal studies suggest that there may be a biological factor in material behavior; mothers of some monkeys punish their male babies earlier and more often than their female offspring; they also touch their female babies more often and act more protectively toward them.
As for the controversial question of female "passivity", psychologist Helen Deutsh believes that the concept has been misunderstood. "There is no contradiction between being feminine and working. The self can be active in both men and women," she says. It is only in love and sex that passivity is particularly appropriate for women. As she sees it, passivity is no more than a king of openness and warmth; it does not mean "inactivity of emptiness".
Another controversy ranges over the effect of hormones. Aggressive women; who discount hormonal influence, disagree violently with scientific researchers, who almost unanimously agree that hormones help determine how people feel and act. So far, there have been few studies of male hormones, but scientists think they may eventually discover hormonal cycles in men that produce cyclic changes in mood and behavior. As for females, studies have indicated that 49 percent of female medical and surgical admissions, most psychiatric hospital admission and 62 percent of violent crimes among women prisoners are related with hormonal cycles in women.

According to Helen, the word "passivity" underlined in Paragraph 3 means ______ .

A.passive to workmates

B.passive to lovers
C.selfness and indifference

D.dullness and keeping to oneself

问答题