问题 问答题 案例分析题

1999年12月,甲汽车贸易公司与乙乡镇企业订立了一份汽车买卖合同。约定:甲方于2000年2月向乙方交付新卡车一辆,价款12万元,并约定由乙方向甲方付20%定金。合同订立10天内,乙方依约向甲方付定金2.4万元,余款提货时付清。2000年2月,乙方付款提货后,在使用中发现该车是旧车翻新,主要部件经常发生故障,便向甲方提出异议,并于当年4月提出退货。甲方拒不同意,双方协商不成,乙方向法院起诉,认为甲方有欺诈行为,请求法院认定合同无效,并判令甲方承担违约责任,双倍返还定金。经查:该车确是旧车翻新,但经维修尚可使用。回答下列问题:

(1)该合同应为无效还是可撤销的合同,为什么?

(2)乙方的诉讼请求是否得当?此案依法应如何处理?

答案

参考答案:

(1)该合同应为可撤销的合同,而不是无效的合同。

因为在该合同订立过程中,甲方虽有欺诈行为,但是该合同并未损害国家利益和社会公共利益,也没有损害集体或第三人的利益,该合同是甲方以欺诈的手段,使乙方在违背真实意思的情况下订立的合同,合同损害了乙方的利益,因此应属于可撤销的合同。

(2)乙方的诉讼请求不完全得当。由于该合同属可撤销合同,乙方只能请求人民法院撤销或者变更该合同,而不能请求法院认定该合同无效。如请求法院撤销该合同的话,只能请求返还财产,赔偿损失,而不能要求双倍返还定金。该合同纠纷有以下两种处理办法:

①乙方请求人民法院撤销该合同,人民法院应予撤销,并依据合同被撤销后财产处理的有关规定,判决双方返还财产,不能返还或者没有必要返还的,应当折价补偿。同时有过错的甲方应依法赔偿给乙方造成的经济损失。

②乙方请求人民法院变更该合同,人民法院应对该合同进行变更,即在保持原合同效力的基础上,对标的物的质量等条款做某些修改和补充。

阅读理解

Born in 1949, Diana Nyad took an early interest in swimming as a sport and was a Florida State High School swimming champion(冠军). Like many young trainers, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness prevented her from competing in the Games. The disappointment didn’t stop her from going forward. Instead, she became interested in marathon swimming.

For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers. In 1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the women’s record for the course. In 1972 she set another record by swimming 102.5 miles from an island in the Bahamas to the coast of Florida. Then she broke a third record when swimming around Manhattan Island in 1975.

Nyad attempted to swim the distance between Florida and Cuba in 1978. Though the span(跨度) of water is less than 100 miles wide, it is rough and dangerous. After battling(与---作战) the water for two days, she had to give up for the sake of her own health and safety. Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed. It did not matter that her swim came up short; she believed she had touched the other shore.

When Nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new things---travelling the world as a reporter, writing books and giving public speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire others, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world.

小题1:What was Nyad’s early interest?

小题2:When did Nyad set the record for a ten-mile marathon swimming?

小题3:According to the passage, how many times did Nyad join the long-distance swimming?

小题4:What did Nyad do after she finished swimming?

小题5:What can we learn from the passage?

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