问题 选择题

已知,碳在不足量的氧气中燃烧生成一氧化碳,放出热量;一氧化碳在氧气中能继续燃烧生成二氧化碳,放出热量。反应方程式分别为(  )

2C(s)+O2(g)(不足)2CO(g);

2CO(g)+O2(g)(充足)2CO2(g)

在其他条件相同时,下列说法错误的是

A.12gC所具有的能量一定高于28gCO所具有的能量

B.56gCO和32gO2所具有的总能量一定高于88gCO2所具有的总能量

C.12gC和32gO2所具有的总能量一定高于44gCO2所具有的总能量

D.将相同质量的碳燃烧,生成CO2比生成CO放出的热量多

答案

答案:A

题目分析:化学反应发生后放出热量,则反应物的总能量一定高于生成物的总能量,所以,选项B正确。由于碳在不足量的氧气中燃烧生成一氧化碳,放出热量,一氧化碳在氧气中能继续燃烧生成二氧化碳,也放出热量,所以,C与O2反应生成CO2肯定放出热量,根据C(s)+O2(g)(充足)CO2(g)和反应放出热量分析,选项C正确。若反应2C(s)+O2(g)(不足)2CO(g)放出的热量为H1,反应2CO(g)+O2(g)2CO2(g)放出的热量为H2,将这两个化学方程式相加得反应:2C(s)+2O2(g)(充足)2CO2(g),放出的热量为:H1+H2>H1,D正确。选项A不正确,只能说“12gC和16gO2所具有的总能量一定高于28gCO所具有的总能量”,而“12gC所具有的能量不一定高于28gCO所具有的能量”。

故选A。

点评:(1)对于某个确定的化学反应,放出或吸收的热量与反应物的用量有关。

(2)对于一定质量的某种物质燃烧后,生成“中间产物”时放出的热量,一般比生成最终产物放出的热量小,且总能量等于各段反应放出的能量之和。

单项选择题

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

                                    A Heroic Driver

Larry works with Transport Drivers. Inc. One morning in 2009. Larry was  41

along 165 north after delivering to one of his    42   . suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on.    43    he got closer, he found 44    vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed    45    shooting out from under the    46    vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and    47   the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.

The man who had his bright lights on    48    and told Larry he had    49    an emergency call. They    50    heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle.    51   the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay    52    until the emergency personnel arrived,    53    she thought the car was going to    54   . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move    55    she injured her neck.

Once fire and emergency people arrive, Larry and the other man    56    and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the    57    if he was needed or    58    to go. They let him and the other man go.

One thing is    59   —Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His    60    most likely saved the woman’s life.

41()

A.walking

B.touring

C.traveling

D.rushing

阅读理解与欣赏