问题 综合题

材料一:早在2000多年前,就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家家孝说,以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派,这就是有名的“诸子百家”。从孔夫子到孙中山,中 * * 传统文化有它的许多珍贵品质,许多人民性和民主性的东西。

——温 * * * * 在哈佛大学的讲话

材料二:在现代国际社会中,国家是国际社会的一个成员,国际法已经要求国际社会的各成员国对 * * 给予一定的保护。2003年12月全国人大常委会通过的《宪法修正案》指出:宪法第三十三条增加一款,作为第三款。“国家尊重和保障 * * ”。2004年人代会正式通过“国家尊重和保障 * * ”。我国将“ * * ”写入宪法,表明以人为本成为国家的价值观。

请回答:

(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识,指出在春秋战国时期的懦家和道家的思想中,最能体现“人民性”的思想有哪些?

(2)根据所学知识,简述辛亥革命时期,以孙中山为代表的资产阶级革命派对我国“民主性”的发展所做的主要贡献?

(3)根据材料二并结合所学知识,指出在新中国建立至1954年,我党在民主政治建设方面建立了哪些制度?分析材料二中的重大举措有何现实意义?

答案

(1)孔子倡导“仁”:孟子主张仁政;并提出“民贵君轻”思想,反对苛政:老子主张“无为”,反对严刑峻法;庄子鄙视富贵利禄,痛恨“窃钩者死,窃国者诸侯”的不公平社会现象。

(2)结束了中国两千多年的封建君主专制制度;建立资产阶级共和国;颁布《中华民国临时约法》;使人民获得了一些民主和自由的权利,民主共和观念深入人心,实现了我国第一次历史性巨变,大大推动了我国民主化进程。

(3)制度:人民代表大会制度;民族区域自治制度;中国领导的多党合作政治协商制度   

现实意义:以宪法的形式保障 * * ;更有利于激发广大人民对现代化建设的热情;有利地推动社会现代化的进步与发展。

本题围绕民本思想。中国古代儒家和道家思想中主张缓和社会矛盾的主张都属于

“人民性”;孙中山为代表的革命派的“民主性”主要谈辛亥革命在推动中国民主化进程的

作用;1949—1954年中 * * 党在民主政治建设中建立的制度主要是三大制度:人民代表大

会制度;民族区域自治制度;中国领导的多党合作政治协商制度。现实意义:主要谈对当今

社会民主政治建设方面的作用。

选择题
阅读理解

There were a lot of hardships when growing up, but there were a lot of fond memories as well.

Back in those days, we had very little money, so we couldn’t afford a garden tractor that could make gardening easier. All the preparations has to be done by hand with hoes(锄头),shovels and Daddy’s trusty plow(犁).

Part of my job in the garden was planting the seeds. I would sow the seeds and Daddy would come behind me with the plow and cover them. I liked to walk behind Daddy when he was planting. Every step he took left an impression. I would try to make my short legs match his stride(大步)and put my tiny feet in his footprints.

One of my gardening tasks was finding worms. We didn’t use a lot of pesticides so we often had worms. Some worms were harder to find because sometimes they would get on the bottom side of the leaves and have a similar color to that of the plant. I had to look very closely for them.

Next came the harvest. That was my mum’s busiest time. There were tomatoes, peas, corn and beans that all had to be washed and “put up” for the winter.

We would sit out in the yard late in the evening when air was cooler until midnight. I would sit and attentively listen to my mum and daddy to tell stories about their past. I loved those times because they created the most precious memories of all for me.

We may not have had too many material possessions, but we had a lot of love. I think our working together as a family to put food on the table helped to strengthen out ties to each other and kept us close.

56. What did the author like to do as a child in the garden?

A. Put up tomatoes, peas, corn and beans for the winter.

B. Follow his father’s footsteps.

C. Plow and cover the seeds.

D. Listen to his parents to tell stories.

57.The underlined word “Pesticides” (in Paragraph 4) most probably means “things that _______”.

A. can make plants grow more quickly    

B. can affect the growth of plants

C. kill worms                        

D. benefit worms

58. What does the author think of his childhood?

A. Poor and miserable.                                        B. Rich and fruitful.

C. Sad and unforgettable.                                   D. Hard but precious.

59. What does the author intend to tell us?

A. Learning to help parents is very important.

B. Family members’ working together is precious.

C. Staying in a garden is helpful to one’s development.

D. A person should be hard-working from childhood.