问题 论述题

《经济学常识》

自金融危机爆发以来,人们纷纷讨论其发生原因。美国一家报纸刊出文章说:“正如马克思指出,微观的理性行为会造成宏观经济的最差结果。我们现在知道了,忽视马克思而笃信亚当·斯密会把经济置于危机境地。”

(1)亚当·斯密对发展经济、增加国民财富的主要政策主张是什么?(6分)

(2)为什么说“笃信亚当·斯密会把经济置于危机境地”?(6分)

答案

(1)斯密认为国民财富的增长取决于劳动生产率和资本的利用效率。要提高劳动和资本的利用效率,最好的办法是取消政府对经济活动的所有干预,充分发挥市场“看不见的手”的作用,让每个人自由地参与市场活动。(6分)

(2)斯密认识到市场在社会资源优化配置中的积极作用,但他没有认识到,市场存在自发性、盲目性、滞后性的弊端。市场调节会带来资源浪费、经济波动、分配不公等问题。(6分)

题目分析:(1)本题属于基础题,本题的切口小,直接考查教材中亚当·斯密对发展经济、增加国民财富的政策主张,能力要求低。解答本题需要学生抓住教材中亚当·斯密的主要观点,着重从反对政府干预经济,单纯发挥市场的调节作用方面去阐述。

(2)本题要求学生回答“笃信亚当·斯密会把经济置于危机境地”的原因。解答本题学生要看到亚当·斯密的观点忽视了政府干预经济对经济发展的积极作用,学生可从单纯市场调节的缺陷方面去阐述。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

Dear Amy,

     Is there any way I can get my mum to drive to school? She says walking is good exercise. My friend

Ann lives closer to the school, but her mum drives her to school. She is there in two or three minutes! Going

by car is the fastest way. She doesn't get wet if it is mining either. It takes me about ten minutes to walk to

school. If it rains, I'll get wet. It isn't fair} What shall I do?

                                                                                                                                        Mary

Dear Mary,

     I think you want me to feel sorry for you! But I don't feel sorry for you. I think you just want a few

more minutes in bed in the morning. Walking is good exercise! Lots of people don't get enough exercise,

so I think it is probably a good, idea for you to walk. You are going to school in the healthiest way. You

may not be the closest to the school, but you are close. A ten-minute walk to school each day will help to

keep you fit. Maybe you need an umbrella for wet days? I'm sure your mother has made sure you have a

good coat and. boots (雨靴) for wet days. Maybe you just don't want to use them because they are not in?

Try to think positively (积极地) about the walk! 

                                                                                                                                              Amy

1. In the first letter, Mary _________.

A. gives warnings

B. gives advice

C. asks for advice

D. expresses thanks

2. What will probably happen to Mary on wet days?

A. She'll get wet.

B. She'll go to school in her mother's car.

C. She'll get sick.

D. She'll drive to school.

3. How long does it take Mary to school?

A. 2 or 3 minutes' walk.

B. 10 minutes' walk.

C. 2 or 3 minutes' drive.

D. 10 minutes' drive

4. What does Amy tell Mary to do?

A. Have a talk with her mother.

B. Do a lot of exercise instead of walking every day.

C. Ask Ann and her mother for help.

D. Take the way of walking to school as it is good exercise.

5. What does "in" mean?

A. New.

B. Fashionable.

C. Tidy.

D. Traditional.

选择题