问题 填空题

请参考题中图表,已知E1=134 kJ·mol-1、E2=368 kJ·mol-1,根据要求回答问题:

 

(1)图Ⅰ是1 mol NO2(g)和1 mol CO(g)反应生成CO2和NO过程中的能量变化示意图,若在反应体系中加入催化剂,反应速率增大,E1的变化是       (填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”,下同),ΔH的变化是       。请写出NO2和CO反应的热化学方程式:                               

(2)甲醇质子交换膜燃料电池中将甲醇蒸汽转化为氢气的两种反应的热化学方程式如下:

①CH3OH(g)+H2O(g)===CO2(g)+3H2(g)  ΔH=+49.0 kJ·mol-1

②CH3OH(g)+O2(g)===CO2(g)+2H2(g)  ΔH=-192.9 kJ·mol-1

又知③H2O(g)===H2O(l) ΔH=-44 kJ·mol-1,则甲醇蒸汽燃烧为液态水的热化学方程式为                     

(3)如表所示是部分化学键的键能参数:

化学键P—PP—OO===OP===O
键能/kJ·mol-1abcx
 

已知白磷的燃烧热为d kJ·mol-1,白磷及其完全燃烧的产物的结构如图Ⅱ所示,则表中x=        kJ·mol-1(用含a、b、c、d的代表数式表示)。

答案

(1)减小 不变 NO2(g)+CO(g)===CO2(g)+NO(g) ΔH=-234 kJ·mol-1

(2)CH3OH(g)+O2(g)===CO2(g)+2H2O(l) ΔH=-764.7 kJ·mol-1

(3)(d+6a+5c-12b)

(1)观察图像,E1应为反应的活化能,加入催化剂反应的活化能降低,但是ΔH不变;1 mol NO2(g)和1 mol CO(g)反应生成CO2和NO的反应热数值即反应物和生成物的能量差,因此该反应的热化学方程式为NO2(g)+CO(g)===CO2(g)+NO(g) ΔH=-234 kJ·mol-1

(2)观察方程式,利用盖斯定律,将所给热化学方程式作如下运算:②×3-①×2+③×2,即可求出甲醇蒸汽燃烧的热化学方程式。

(3)白磷燃烧的化学方程式为P4+5O2 P4O10,结合图Ⅱ中白磷及其完全燃烧产物的结构,根据“反应热=反应物键能总和-生成物键能总和”与燃烧热概念可得等式:6a+5c-(4x+12b)=-d,据此可得 x=(d+6a+5c-12b)。

阅读理解

There was a famous church in London. It was 110 meters high. The center of the church was like a bell. The ceiling of the church was painted by a famous artist. A platform (平台)was built so that the artist could put up the ladder on it and paint the ceiling. The platform was about 70 meters over the ground.

One day the artist was working hard and had nearly finished one popular corner of the ceiling. Also on the platform was his assistant, who was mixing paints. The artist stepped back so that he could see how his work was progressing. To have a better look at his painting, he stepped back again. Suddenly, his assistant shouted, picked up a small bowl of paint and started to paint the artist’s work on the top. The artist was very angry and rushed forwards to stop him.

“What do you think you are doing?” he shouted angrily. “Are you mad?” His assistant replied, “I saw you walking backwards to have a better look at your painting. But you didn’t notice that you had reached the very edge of the platform. You were in great danger. I wanted to make you move forwards. If I had not made you run forwards, you would have fallen backwards off the edge of the platform.

小题1:The story happened in ______.

A.America

B.France

C.German

D.England小题2:Why did the artist step back again?

A.To see how his work was progressing.

B.To have a better look at his painting.

C.To paint a bow in his painting.

D.To pour some paint on his painting.小题3:What did the assistant do to stop the artist falling off the platform?

A.He painted a famous painting himself.

B.He ran forwards to stop him.

C.He shouted to the artist and painted his painting.

D.He stopped mixing the paints.小题4:Which picture shows the same situation as the underlined sentence in Paragraph2?

Note: a: artist b: assistant c: painting ←: the direction of the movement.

小题5:After reading the passage, what do you think the artist would probably do?

A.He would be angry with what the assistant had done.

B.He would punish the assistant for having destroyed his painting.

C.He would be thankful to be the assistant for having saved his life.

D.He wouldn’t allow the assistant to work with him any more.

单项选择题