问题 论述题

(12分)2014年3月22日至4月1日,国家 * * 习 * * 访问欧洲,铺设了友谊理解合作的桥梁,充分展示了自信友善包容负责任大国形象,全面提升了我国同欧盟关系水平。期间,深刻阐释了中国的核安全观和文明观,引发国际社会积极反响。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一  2014年3月24日,习 * * * * 在第三届核安全峰会上首次提出中国的核安全观:要坚持理性、协调、并进的核安全观:第一,发展和安全并重,以确保安全为前提发展核能事业。第二,权利和义务并重,在强调各国履行有关国际义务的同时,也要尊重各国根据本国国情采取最适合自己的核安全政策和举措的权利。第三,自主和协作并重,以互利共赢为途径寻求普遍核安全。第四,治标和治本并重,加强防扩散出口控制,营造和平稳定的国际环境。中国将坚定不移增强自身核安全能力,积极维护地区和世界和平稳定。

(1)结合材料一,运用“国际关系和外交政策”知识,阐明我国提出核安全观的依据。(6分)

材料二  2014年3月27日,国家 * * 习 * * 在联合国教科文总部发表主旨演讲,深刻阐释了中国的文明观:文明因交流而多彩,文明因互鉴而丰富。文明交流互鉴,是推动人类文明进步和世界和平发展的重要动力。推动文明交流互鉴,需要坚持以下原则:第一,文明是多彩的,一花独放不是春,百花齐放春满园;第二,文明是平等的,傲慢和偏见是文明交流互鉴的最大障碍;第三,文明是包容的,秉持包容精神,才能实现文明和谐。

(2)根据材料二,运用文化生活知识,说明推动文明交流互鉴带来的启示。(6分)

答案

(1)①国家利益是国际关系的决定因素。核安全观有利于维护我国的国家利益和世界各国的共同利益。②我国奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。坚持发展与安全并重,营造和平稳定的国际环境,符合维护我国主权、安全和发展利益的外交目标与维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交宗旨。③尊重各国根据本国国情采取核安全政策,以互利共赢为途径寻求普遍核安全,符合我国独立自主的外交立场与和平共处的外交准则。④坚持理性、协调、并进的核安全观,符合我国和平、发展、合作,共赢的外交理念。(6分)

(2)①文化是民族的,又是世界的。要尊重文化多样性,促进世界文化繁荣与发展。②各国文化一律平等,要认同本民族文化和尊重其他民族文化,促进文化交流与互签。③文化具有包容性,要求同存异,兼收并蓄。促进不同文化和谐发展。④文化对社会发展产生深刻影响。要推动文化交流互签,促进人类文明进步和世界和平发展。(6分)

题目分析:(1)作答时注意本题的答题范围为国际关系和外交政策,范围非常明确,落脚点是提出核安全观的依据,较为简单。可以从以下几方面组织答案,国家利益是国际关系的决定因素;我国奉行独立自主的和平外交政策;我国的外交立场和外交准则,以及外交理念;结合相关材料即可。

(2)作答注意本题的答题范围是文化生活的相关知识,范围较广,需认真研读材料,从材料中获取有效信息,考查学生阅读、分析、归纳、总结材料的能力。答案主要涉及到化是民族的,又是世界的;各国文化一律平等;文化具有包容性,要求同存异,兼收并蓄;文化对社会发展产生深刻影响;稍作分析即可。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people.
"The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance ; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.
The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect.

The pupils’ attitudes are NOT influenced by ______.
A. their parents’ persuasion to behave properly
B. their teachers’ attitudes
C. the speeches they hear and the books they read
D. such media as social studies, science matter and classroom atmosphere

Another reason it is true is that pupils often delve somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.
The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities) , science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom... these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reactions.
However. when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.
To illustrate, first grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.
Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.