问题 问答题

建立法治社会是近代历史发展的重要趋势,符合现代社会政治民主化的要求,各国政府都注重民主与法治的建设。早期资产阶级革命期间,资产阶级不仅用暴力形式扫除了资本主义发展的障碍,而且还颁布了一系列法律文献,用法律的形式来巩固资产阶级革命的成果。请结合所学知识,回答下列问题。

(1)英国通过资产阶级革命建立起了什么政治制度?为该政治制度提供法律保障的文献是什么?

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(2)法国资产阶级革命中颁布的宪法性文献是什么?简述其核心内容。

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(3)以上问题中所涉及的一系列法律文献的制定和颁布对人类社会的转型有什么重大意义?

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答案

(1)君主立宪制资产阶级专政,《权利法案》。

(2)《 * * 宣言》,人们生来自由,权利平等,私有财产神圣不可侵犯。

(3)美国:1787年美国宪法;法国:《法典》。

(4)为资本主义制度的建立,确立了法律依据。

单项选择题
问答题

Law-and-order is the longest-running and probably the best-loved political issue in the U.S. history.

(46) Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as lawbreakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society. Indeed, there are moments today when it seems as though the scofflaw represents the wave o the future. (47) Harvard Sociologist David Riesman suspects that a majority of Americans have blithely taken to committing supposedly minor derelictions as a matter of course. Already, Riesman says, the ethic of U.S. society is in danger of becoming this. "you’re a fool if you obey the rules. "

Nothing could be more obvious than the evidence supporting Riesman. Scofflaws abound in amazing variety. The graffiti-prone turn public surfaces into visual rubbish. Bicyclists often ride as though two-wheeled vehicles are exempt from all traffic laws. Litterbugs convert their communities into trash dumps. (48) Widespread flurries of ordinances have failed to clear public places of high-decibel portable radios, just as earlier laws failed to wipe out the beer-soaked hooliganism that plagues many parks. Tobacco addicts remain hopelessly blind to signs that say NO SMOKING. Respectably dressed pot smokers no longer bother to duck out of public sight to pass around a joint. The flagrant use of cocaine is a festering scandal in middle-and-upper-class life. And then there are (hello, Everybody!) the jaywalkers.

The dangers of scofflawry vary widely. (49) The person who illegally spits on the sidewalk remains disgusting, but clearly poses less risk to others than the company that illegally buries hazardous chemical waste in an unauthorized location. The farebeater on the subway presents less threat to life than the landlord who ignores fire safety statutes. The most immediately and measurably dangerous scofflawry, however, also happens to be the most visible. The culprit is the American driver, whose lawless activities today add up to a colossal public nuisance. (50) The hazards range from routine double parking that jams city streets to the drunk driving that kills some 25,000 people and injures at least 650,000 others yearly. Illegal speeding on open highways New surveys show that on some interstate highways 83% of all drivers are currently ignoring the federal 55 mph speed limit.

(48) Widespread flurries of ordinances have failed to clear public places of high-decibel portable radios, just as earlier laws failed to wipe out the beer-soaked hooliganism that plagues many parks.