问题 计算题

(10分)如图的砂袋用轻绳悬于O点,开始时砂袋处于静止状态,此后用弹丸以水平速度击中砂袋后均未穿出。第一次弹丸的速度为v0,水平向右打入砂袋后,砂袋向右摆动,轻绳与竖直方向所成的最大夹角为θ(θ<90°),当砂袋第一次返回图示位置时,第二粒弹丸以另一速度v又水平向右打入砂袋,使砂袋向右摆动且轻绳与竖直方向的最大夹角仍为θ。若弹丸质量均为m,砂袋质量为4m,弹丸和砂袋形状大小及空气阻力均忽略不计。求:两粒弹丸的水平速度之比为多少?

答案

弹丸击中砂袋瞬间,系统水平方向不受外力,动量守恒。

设碰后弹丸和砂袋的共同速度为v1,细绳长为L,根据动量守恒定律有

mv0= (m+4m)v1  --------------------------------------------------1(3分)

砂袋摆动过程中只有重力做功,机械能守恒,所以

 ----------------------------------------------2(1分)

设第二粒弹丸击中砂袋后弹丸和砂袋的共同速度为v2

同理有:  mv0-(m+4m)v1= (m+5m)v2  -----------------------3(3分)

 -----------------------------4(1分)

联解上述方程得 -------------------------------------- 5(2分)

(说明:2和4式只要说到“砂袋的最大摆角两次都为θ,故v1=v2”的意思,即给分)本题考查动量守恒和机械能守恒的综合应用,在碰撞前后系统动量守恒,列式可求得末速度表达式,根据沙袋摆动过程中只有重力做功,机械能守恒,根据第二次弹丸击中砂袋后弹丸和砂袋中系统动量守恒和机械能守恒列式可求解

多项选择题
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                                                        Preparing for tomorrow
     Six-grade schoolteacher Ms. Shelton believed in readiness. Students remember how she walked in on the
first day of class and began writing words of eight-grade on the   1  . They quickly protested that the words
were not on their   2   and they couldn't learn them.
     Their teacher insisted that the students could and would learn these   3  . She said that she would teach
them something that should be given. Ms. Shelton   4   by saying that one of the students in the classroom
could go on to   5  , maybe even be president someday, and she wanted to prepare them for that day.
     Ms. Shelton spoke those words many years ago.   6   did she know that someday one of her students
Jesse Jackson would take them   7  . She believed that if they were well prepared, they could   8   high
goals.
     Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, "People only see what they are   9   to see." If that's true, then it is also 
 10  that they only become what they are prepared to become. And many things in life is just about getting
ready.
     "I want to be doing something more  11  with my life than what I am doing now," a young man once
said to me. He  12  what he was doing was just not that important. Other people have said things to me such
as, "I only  13  I had a meaningful relationship." And, "I'd really like to get a better job, but I just don't see  14 ." 
     You fill in the blanks. What is it you would like to  15  that isn't happening? Perhaps the answer is that you
are not yet  16 . Maybe you need more time to prepare before you are truly ready for that which you  17 .
     Think of today as another chance to  18  yourself for that exciting future you are looking for. Today is not
washed. If you desire more from  19 , then you can use today as training. For you will experience only what
you are prepared to  20 . Something wonderful can happen. And you can use today to get ready for tomorrow.

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( )17. A.concern
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( )20. A.suffer

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D.work