问题 填空题

如图所示,是用落体法验证机械能守恒定律的实验装置,请回答下列问题:

(1)从下列器材中选出实验所必须的,其编号为______.

A.打点计时器(含纸带); B.重锤;   C.天平;D.毫米刻度尺;  E.秒表.

(2)实验中产生系统误差的主要原因是纸带通过打点计时器时的摩擦阻力,使重锤获得的动能往往______它所减小的重力势能(填大于、小于或等于).

(3)如果以

v2
2
为纵轴,以h为横轴,根据实验数据绘出
v2
2
-h图线是一条通过坐标原点的倾斜直线,该直线的斜率是______.

答案

(1)A、打点计时器(含纸带)必须的,

B、重锤,必须的,

C.天平;因为我们是比较mgh、mv2的大小关系,故m可约去比较,不需要用天平.

D.毫米刻度尺,必须的,用来测量计数点距离

E.秒表.不需要,打点计时器本身可以计算时间.

故选ABD

(2)由于纸带通过时受到较大的阻力和重锤受到的空气阻力,重力势能有相当一部分转化给摩擦产生的内能,所以重力势能的减小量明显大于动能的增加量.所以重锤获得的动能往往小于它所减小的重力势能.

故答案为:小于.

(3)根据机械能守恒可知mgh=

1
2
mv2,得出
v2
2
=gh
,因此
v2
2
-h图线的斜率为:重力加速度.

故答案为:重力加速度.

完形填空
完形填空。
     The Browns   1   a building with two stories (层).   2   the first floor, there   3   a garage (车库), a living
room, a dining room and a kitchen. Mr. Brown has a new car. He often   4   it to work. Mrs. Brown is a nurse.
She often goes to work   5   , because the   6   is near to her house. On the second floor,   7   two bedrooms,
a study, a living room and a bathroom. The big bedroom is   8   Mr. and Mrs. Brown. The small one is for
their son, Jim. In the study, there is a computer. Jim usually plays games and downloads (下载) music   9   the
Internet. The Browns have a very nice garden behind their house. It has some tall trees and many flowers. Mr.
and Mrs. Brown work hard in their garden in   10   spare times. Now Mrs. Brown is getting some flowers in
the garden. She will put the flowers in the dining room and the living room.
(   ) 1. A. has     
(   ) 2. A. On     
(   ) 3. A. is     
(   ) 4. A. by     
(   ) 5. A. by her bike
(   ) 6. A. school  
(   ) 7. A. there is  
(   ) 8. A. for     
(   ) 9. A. to     
(   ) 10. A. his    
B. have   
B. In   
B. am   
B. drives 
B. on bike 
B. park  
B. there are 
B. with   
B. behind  
B. her              
C. in       
C. At        
C. are       
C. rides     
C. by bike     
C. company    
C. there be     
C. to      
C. in front of 
C. their                      
D. are             
D. Of              
D. will be         
D. in              
D. ride a bike     
D. hospital       
D. there have        
D. about           
D. from            
D. my            
单项选择题