问题 填空题

(11分)能源可划分为一次能源和二次能源。自然界中以现成形式提供的能源称为一次能源;需依靠其他能源的能量间接制取的能源称为二次能源。氢气是一种高效而没有污染的二次能源,它可以由自然界中大量存在的水来制取:2H2O(l)===2H2(g)+O2(g) ΔH=+571.6 kJ/mol。根据以上叙述回答:

(1)下列叙述正确的是              。(不定项选择)(4分)

A.电能是二次能源                             B.水力是二次能源

C.天然气是一次能源                                 D.焦炉气是一次能源

(2)已知:CH4(g)+2O2(g)===CO2(g)+2H2O(l) ΔH=-890.3 kJ/mol,等质量的氢气和甲烷分别完全燃烧后,放出的热量之比约为(  )(3分)

A.1∶3.4      B.1∶1.7           C.2.6∶1     D.4.6∶1

(3)关于用水制取二次能源氢气,以下研究方向不正确的是      。(不定项选择)(4分)

A.组成水的氢和氧都是可以燃烧的物质,因此可研究在水不分解的情况下,使氢成为二次能源

B.设法将太阳光聚焦,产生高温,使水分解产生氢气

C.寻找高效催化剂,使水分解产生氢气,同时释放能量

答案

(1)AC (2)C (3)AC

(1)一次能源,也称天然能源,是指从自然界取得未经改变或转变而直接利用的能源。如原煤、原油、天然气、水能、风能、太阳能、海洋能、潮汐能、地热能、天然铀矿等。二次能源是指由一次能源经过加工转换以后得到的能源,例如:电力、蒸汽、煤气等等。所以AC正确,水力是一次能源,焦炉气是二级能源,答案选AC。

(2)根据热化学方程式可知,等质量的氢气和甲烷分别完全燃烧后,放出的热量之比

2.6︰1,答案选C。

(3)氧气是助燃的,A不正确;水分解是吸热反应,C不正确,所以答案选AC。

选择题
阅读理解

Today, when a man steps on to the moon, or something new and important happens, the world learns about it immediately. What did the newspapers say about that first flight in 1903? Strangely enough, they said hardly anything about it at all. There are only a few reports about it in the papers. These reports said very little. Some of the things they said were not even correct.

In 1904 the Wrights built a second machine. They called it “Flyer No. Two”. They invited some reporters to a field near Dayton to watch them fly. Unfortunately, there was some mechanical(机械的) trouble with the plane and it did not fly at all that day. The newspapermen went away. They were disappointed and did not come back. The Wrights went on with their work. In 1905, they built an even better machine, “Flyer No Three”. They were able to stay upon the air for half an hour and more in the machine. Farmers and travelers on the road around the Dayton often saw them flying, but when three people told newspapermen about it, they refused to believe them.

The Wrights offered “Flyer No. Three” to the United States government. The government was not interested. They seemed to think the Wrights wanted money in order to build a plane. They did not understand the Wrights had already done this, and flown it as well. Experts were still saying that mechanical flight was impossible. At the end of 1905, the two brothers took their planes to pieces. The parts were put into a huge wooden box. It seemed nobody was interested.

小题1:The reporters were disappointed in 1904 because________.

A.the Wrights did not invite them

B.the plane could not stay long in the air

C.the plane did not fly at all that day

D.they had wanted to see a better machine小题2:The U.S. government could not understand that________.

A.the Wrights had already built a machine that could fly

B.experts still thought flight was impossible

C.the Wrights wanted more money to build an airplane

D.“Flyer No. Three” was now in a wooden case小题3:The Wrights took their plane to pieces because________.

A.they planned to go to Europe

B.nobody was interested

C.the government didn't give them any money

D.the newspapermen didn't report their flights小题4:What does the underlined word “Flyer” mean?

A.Pilot.

B.Drive.

C.Plane.

D.Kite.小题5:Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Today, people are very interested in new things.

B.People in the past talked little about new things.

C.Reporters are now as interested in new happening as in the past.

D.People in the past even told each other wrong things.