问题 问答题 案例分析题

西方人文精神是人类宝贵的精神财富。阅读材料,回答问题。材料一人是万物的尺度,是存在的事物存在的尺度,也是不存在的事物不存在的尺度。--普罗泰格拉材料二上帝的道不是用什么行为,而是单用信才能领受爱慕的。因此,既然是灵魂为它的生命与义所需要的只是信,那么,灵魂称义显然单是因信,而不是任何行为。--马丁·路德《论基督徒的自由》材料三人们应自由订立社会契约,组成国家。社会中应有“共同意志”,人人遵守。社会契约就是共同意志的体现,代表所有人的权力和自由。这是至高无上的人民主权,不可侵犯,不得转让,不受限制,不准分割。为维护这一主权,必须使人人在法律面前一律平等,包括立法、司法、守法、受法律保护和受法律制裁各方面的平等。--卢梭

(1)材料一体现的人文精神的内涵具体是什么?指出这一思想产生的历史背景。

(2)在灵魂得救的途径问题上,材料二持什么观点?此观点在当时有什么积极意义?

(3)概括材料三中卢梭的主张。这些主张对欧洲思想和政治有何积极影响?

答案

参考答案:

(1)内涵:强调人的价值,树立人的尊严。背景:民主政治高度发展。

(2)观点:因信称义(或信仰上帝即可得救)。意义:否定教皇权威,使人获得精神上的自由和灵魂得救的自主权。

(3)主张:社会契约论;人民主权;以法律保障人民民主;法律面前人人平等。影响:丰富和发展了人文主义的内涵;为早期资产阶级革命做了舆论准备。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     My father had returned from his business visit to London when I came in, rather late, to supper. I could

tell at once that he and my mother had been discussing something. In that half-playful, half-serious way I

knew so well, he said, "How would you like to go to Eton?" "You bet," I cried quickly catching the joke.

Everyone knew it was the most expensive, the most famous of schools. You had to be entered at birth, if

not before. Besides, even at 12 or 13, I understood my father. He disliked any form of showing off. He

always knew his proper station in life, which was in the middle of the middle class; our house was

medium-sized; he had avoided joining Royal Liverpool Golf Club and went to a smaller one instead; though

once he had got a second-hand Rolls-Royce at a remarkably low price, he felt embarrassed (尴尬的) driving

it, and quickly changed it for an Austin 1100.

     This could only be his delightful way of telling me that the whole boarding (寄宿制的) school idea was

to be dropped. Alas! I should also have remembered that he had a liking for being different from everyone

else, if it did not conflict (冲突) with his fear of drawing attention to himself.

     He seemed to have talked to Graham Brown of the London office, a very nice fellow, and Graham had

a friend who had just entered his boy at the school, and while he was in that part of the world he thought

he might just as well phone them. I remembered my eyes stinging (刺痛) and my hands shaking with the

puzzlement of my feelings. There was excitement, at the heart of great sadness.

     "Oh, he doesn't want to go away," said my mother, "You shouldn't go on like this." "It's up to him," said

my father."He can make up his own mind."

1. The writer's house was ________.

A. the best in the local area

B. right for their social position

C. for showing off

D. rather small

2. His father sold his Rolls-Royce because ________.

A. it made him feel uneasy

B. it was too old to work well

C. it was too expensive to possess

D. it was too cheap

3. The writer's father enjoyed being different as long as ________.

A. it drew attention to him

B. it didn't bring him in arguments

C. it was understood as a joke

D. there was no danger of his showing off

4. What was the writer's reaction (反应) to the idea of going to Eton?

A. He was very unhappy.

B. He didn't believe it.

C. He was delighted.

D. He had mixed feelings.

5. We can know from the passage that ________.

A. Children who can go to Eton are very famous

B. Children can go to Eton if they will

C. It is very difficult for a child to get admitted by Eton

D. Children don't have the right to decide whether they will go to Eton at all

问答题 简答题