问题 综合题

材料一:清初编纂的《钦定台规》明确说,检察机构是“天子耳目风纪之司”。检察官是皇权的耳目工具,他们的根本任务就是维护皇权。三国时的曹操,为了树立权威,特设校事一职,执行监察和军事执法官的任务。校事的职位很低,但权力很大,完全秉承曹操的旨意行事,是典型的爪牙和鹰犬。宋代,不仅中央御史台直属皇帝,地方的监司和通判也直属皇帝。明代的都察院和六科都由皇帝说了算。所有这些都体现了监察官的御用性质,这种御用性从根本上决定了监察官在多数情况下不可能站在社会公正的立场上履行职责。

(1)根据材料一,列举我国古代具有监察职能的官职或机构,(6分)分析它们的共同特点。(4分)

材料二:经众议院和参议院通过的法案,在正式成为法律之前,须呈送合众国总统;总统如批准,便须签署,如不批准,即应连同他的异议把它退还给原来提出该案的议院,该议院应……进行复议。倘若在复议之后,该议院议员的三分之二仍然同意通过该法案,该院即应将该法案连同异议书送交另一院,由其同样予以复议,若此另一院亦以三分之二的多数通过,该法案即成为法律……行 * * 力赋予美利坚合众国总统。总统任期四年……总统有权缔订条约,但须争取参议院的同意,并须出席的参议员中三分之二的人赞成;他有权提名,并于取得参议院的同意后,任命大使、公使及领事、最高法院的法官……合众国的司法权属于一个最高法院和国会随时下令设立的低级法院。最高法院和低级法院的法官,如果尽忠职守,应继续任职。

————整理自美国1787年宪法

(2)根据材料二,说明美国1787年宪法是如何体现权力制衡原则的?(6分)

(3)综合上述材料,回答古代监察制度与近代权力制衡与监督的作用有何主要不同?(4分)

答案

(1)A。校事;御史台;监司;通判;都察院;六科。(6分)

B。直属皇帝,维护皇权(2分),监察百官,整肃风纪(2分)

(2)A。立法权归国会,但法律须经总统批准(2分)

B。行 * * 属总统,但缔结条约,任命官员须参议院同意;(2分)

C。司法权归法院,但法官经总统提名,参议院同意才可任命,除非渎职,任期终身(2分)

(3)古代:维护君主专制(2分);近代:保障民主,防止专权。(2分)

阅读理解

Kite surfing as a water sport began in the 1980s, but didn’t get popular until the end of last century. It is also known as kite boarding, and in some European countries as fly surfing. Kite surfing works through wind power (动力) by using a large kite to pull a rider on the water at high speed.

At first, kite surfing was a difficult and dangerous sport. Now it is becoming easier and safer because of the safer kite design. For an able and strong person, kite surfing can be a very fun, extremely exciting sport, just like skating on the water with a feeling of flying. It has become more and more popular.

Compared with other water sports, kite surfing is easier to learn. A beginner can understand how to operate the kite with 5--10 hours of training. And anybody aged from 13 to 65 can learn. It is not expensive to get the equipment for kite surfing, which costs $1,000 to 82,500. Training lessons range from $200 to $500 for two or three hours. With the development of its equipment progress, kite surfing is becoming even safer. After some training, you can enjoy its excitement and challenging feeling.

With the rising popularity of kite surfing, most major seaside cities have kite surfing clubs. In China, Xiamen is the only place that has the kite surfing club, which provides professional kite surfing training and equipments.

小题1:Kite surfing has a history of about ___________ years.

A.30

B.50

C.100

D.130小题2: ___________ is mentioned in the passage as the power of kite surfing.

A.Water

B.Wind

C.The sun

D.The kite小题3:The underlined word “range” in the passage means “___________” in Chinese.

A.在……范围内变动

B.按……顺序排列

C.向……方向延伸

D.根据……归类小题4:The most important reason for the popularity of kite surfing is that ___________.

A.its price is getting lower and lower

B.more and more people are enjoying its excitement

C.its equipment progress makes it easier and safer

D.all people can learn and take part in it小题5:The main idea of this passage is about ___________.

A.the way of operating kite surfing

B.the progress of kite surfing equipment

C.the history of kite surfing in China

D.the development of kite surfing

单项选择题 A型题