问题 问答题 案例分析题

阅读下列材料,回答问题。材料一希腊古典人文主义是在对人性的探究与思索中逐渐形成的,其内在的本质是对人的灵魂的塑造和对理性精神的培养,倡导一种在善之普遍性原则指导下的生活。古典人文主义思想不仅深刻影响了西方文化传统,它对精神迷失、“无家可归”的现代人尤其具有启示意义。--黄伊梅《希腊古典人文主义的内涵与特质》材料二中国古代人文主义者认为,在人与人之间应该保持一种和谐的关系,互相关心,互相爱护……认为一个没有秩序的社会是危险的,会给社会成员带来灾难,提出了一系列符合社会发展需要的礼法模式……提出要使“义”成为第一追求,认为它是人的根本价值所在……人在社会中离不开交往,而人们之间的交往需要一个基本的准则,这就是诚信。材料三16-17世纪的中国.新的经济形态还十分微弱……黄宗羲们提不出新的社会方案……孟德斯鸠、卢梭们则拿出了“三权分立”的君主立宪制、民主共和制这样的资产阶级国家蓝图。这表明,中国明清时期的进步思想与18世纪欧洲启蒙思想属于两个不同的历史范畴。前者是中世纪末期的产物,后者是近代社会的宣言书。--张岱年、方克立主编《中国文化概论》

(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识,分析希腊人文精神的核心及其社会根源。(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识,指出中国古代人文主义者提出的人类社会和贤明政治的根本原则。(3)17世纪的中国和18世纪的法国,都产生了启蒙思想,中外启蒙思想最主要的共同主张是什么?根据材料并结合所学知识,分析中国明清时期的进步思想没有成为“近代社会的宣言书”的原因。从中你得到什么启示?

答案

参考答案:

(1)希腊人文精神的核心:人性中善的方面和理性精神。社会根源:古希腊工商业的兴盛、奴隶主阶级民主政治的发展和多山临海的自然地理环境的影响。(2)根本原则:保持和谐关系、倡导仁爱;提倡礼治;重视道义;倡导诚信。(3)中外启蒙思想的共同主张是批判君主专制统治的种种不合理性。原因:明清时期小农经济占主导地位,资本主义萌芽十分脆弱,使中国早期民主思想缺乏强有力的物质基础;中国传统文化的束缚和影响;黄宗羲等思想家代表地主阶级的利益和要求,提不出新的社会方案。启示:经济基础决定上层建筑(社会存在决定社会意识)。

阅读理解

This course is for those who want to learn to type, as well as those who want to improve their typing. The course is not common. You are tested in the first class and begin practicing at one of eight different skill levels. This allows you to learn at your own speed. Each program lasts 20 hours. Bring your own paper.
Course fee(费用):$125         Matericls:$25
Two hours each evening for two weeks .New classes begin every two weeks. This course is taught by a number of professional business education teachers who have successfully taught typing courses before.
UNDERSTANDING COMPUTERS
This twelve-hour course is for people who do not know very much about computers, but who need to learn about them. You will learn what computers are, what they can and can’t do and how to use them.
Course fee: $75  Jan.4, 7,11,14,18    Wed.& Sat. 9:00-11:30 a.m.
Equipment fee:$10
David is a professor of Computer Science at Beijing University. He has over twenty years of experience in computer field.
STOP SMOKING
Do you want to stop smoking? Have you already tried to stop and failed? Now is the time to stop smoking using the latest methods? You can stop smoking, and this twelve-hour course will help you do it.
Course fee:$30   Jan.2--Jan 23      Mon.2:00-5:00 p. m
Dr John is a practicing psychologist who has helped hundreds of people stop smoking.
小题1:If you choose the UNDERSTANDING COMPUTERS course, you will have classes_______.
A.from Monday to Sunday
B.on Wednesday and Saturday
C.on Saturday and Sunday
D.from Wednesday to Saturday
小题2:How long will the STOP SMOKING course last?
A.For four weeks.B.For three hours.
C.For a week.D.For three weeks
小题3: Mr. Black works every morning and evening, but he wants to take part in one of the three courses. What is suitable for him?
A.TYPING
B.UNDERSTANDING COMPUTERS
C.STOP SMOKING
D.TYPING and STOP SMOKING
小题4:If you want to learn about computers and the same time you want to improve your typing, how much will you pay for it?
A.$75B.$150C.$ 235D.$100
小题5:What’s the special difference between the TYPING course and the other two?
A.People with different skill levels may learn at different speed.
B.You will take a test after the course.
C.You will pay less money.
D.People with different skill levels must learn at the same speed.
判断题