问题 单项选择题

老年人用药时的注意事项,正确的是()

A.使用中枢神经抑制药物时,用量需增加

B.使用与白蛋白结合的药物时,用量需增加

C.对吸入麻醉药的耐受性好

D.追加给药的时间间隔应延长

E.口服给药后,血药浓度高峰期的出现时间提前

答案

参考答案:D

解析:机体的老化过程必然对药代动力学和药效动力学产生影响。中枢神经系统的退行性改变使机体对中枢神经抑制药物的敏感性增加,用量需减少;体液总量的减少,脂肪组织的增加将改变药物在体内的表观分布容积;肝血流量的减少和肝微粒体酶活性的降低使药物的肝脏首过效应降低;血浆蛋白特别是白蛋白浓度的降低导致游离的有效药理活性的药物浓度增高;肝、肾功能的降低将使药物的清除半衰期延长,全身清除率降低;胃排空时间延长和肠道血流减少将延缓药物在小肠内吸收;老年人对吸入麻醉药较年轻人的耐受性差,肺泡最低有效浓度随年龄增长而呈线形下降;静脉麻醉药硫喷妥钠其第一次分布容积随年龄增长呈指数下降,所需剂量亦相应下降。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Visitors to Britain may find the best place to sample local culture is in a traditional pub.But these friendly pubs can be dangerous places of potential gaffes(失礼)for the newcomers.

A team of researchers have discovered some of the unknown customs of British pubs - starting with the difficulty of getting a drink.Most pubs have no waiters - you have to go to the bar to buy drinks.A group of Italian youths waiting 45 minutes before they realized they would have to fetch their own.This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose.

Pub culture is designed to promote sociability(社交)in a society known for its reserve.Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others waiting to be served.The bar counter is possibly the only site in the British Isles in which friendly conversation with strangers is considered entirely suitable and really quite normal behavior.“If you haven’t been to a pub, you haven’t been to Britain.” This tip can be found in a booklet, Passport to the Pub: The Tourists’ Guide to Pub Etiquette, a customers’ rule of conduct for those wanting to sample “a central part of British life and culture”.

The trouble is that if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat.For example, if you are in a big group, it is best if only one or two people go to buy the drinks.Nothing annoys the regular customers and bar staff more than a group of strangers blocking all access to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order.

小题1:The underlined word “sample” in the first paragraph probably means “________”.

A.taste

B.experience

C.test

D.record小题2:The culture of pub in Britain is so developed to ________.

A.encourage people to communicate with each other

B.encourage more people to consume drinks

C.attract more tourists to the pubs

D.form its own character of culture小题3:If you don’t follow the local rules in a pub, ________.

A.you won’t buy good local drinks

B.you may annoy the regular customers and bar staff

C.you may fail to feel the local culture

D.you might get into a dangerous place小题4:What may be the best title for the passage?

A.Self-service Pubs in Britain

B.British Local Pubs: Special Chat Places

C.Local Pub Culture in Britain

D.Manners in British Local Pubs