问题 问答题 简答题

试分析造成ABO血型定型和交叉配合试验错误的原因?

答案

参考答案:

(1)责任心不强,不坚持查对制度或送检血样张冠李戴,写错或贴错姓名标签,加错红细胞悬液或标准血清,看错或登错结果等;不遵守操作规程,或主观臆断,凭记忆办事,随意补发报告等。(2)ABO标准血清质量不高、效价太低或亲合力不强,对亚型难于检出,未经灭活,造成溶血,误认为无凝集,标准血清中含有额外抗体或天然抗M、抗N、抗P或抗Le等,影响血型鉴定。(3)红细胞未经洗涤或过淡,过浓,未经洗涤的红细胞可带有血浆中的血型物质,中和相应的抗体;脐血中的华通氏胶引起缗钱状凝集;红细胞过淡,过浓可分别造成假阴性、假阳性。(4)假凝集:某些肝病,传染病(如结核,黑热病等)及多发性骨髓瘤病人的血清球蛋白增高;心肌梗死,感染,外伤以及肿瘤病人纤维蛋白原增高;输入右旋糖酐或血液黏滞性增高;用肝功能剩余血清,或抗凝血代替标准血清;用玻片法作血型鉴定时间过长而水分蒸发等,均可使红细胞发生缗钱状凝集。(5)冷凝集:某些病人血清中含有很高的冷凝集素,这种冷凝集在显微镜下显示小凝集块,看不清凝块内红细胞形态;可用37℃生理盐水洗涤红细胞,再在37℃下操作即可排除干扰。(6)弱凝集:系指同族凝集(真凝集)如新生儿,老人及少数恶病质病人,其红细胞抗原形成不足或敏感性下降,或亚型红细胞抗原性较弱。这种凝集不受温度影响,镜下为小凝块,看不清块内红细胞形态。(7)细菌性凝集:由于红细胞被细菌或细菌酶污染,红细胞上T抗原被激活,与其他人血清中的抗T抗体发生凝集,此外还有类B凝集,多为O型或A型病人因肠道细菌(大肠杆菌036)感染,而红细胞上获得B抗原,能与抗B抗体发生凝集。

阅读理解

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Easy Ways to Boost(改善)Your Mood

_______1_______. Taking an extra moment for yourself will make your day brighter and give you a healthier outlook on life. Here are some simple ways you can bring a little happiness into your life right now:

1. Go for a walk.

Grab your dog, best friend, or your significant other and head out on a brisk(轻快的) walk. Just a little bit of exercise can boost your mood and give you a fresh perspective on problems that have been bothering you. Think walks are boring? ________2_______. Take a trip to the mall, or even walk to get some frozen yogurt. Make it a fun trip and you’ll surely make it part of your routine.

2.________3________.

After all, laughter is the best medicine. Pick up something that makes you laugh like a funny picture, book, magazine, or a DVD of your favorite comedy. _______4______. Giving yourself time to laugh boosts feel-good endorphins(胺多酚).

3.________5________ .

Take a photo of yourself doing something you enjoy, like roller skating, skiing, swimming, playing an instrument, or being with friends and family. Place the picture on your desk to remind yourself that you lead an amazing life and have lots to be happy about.

A.Model behavior

B.Try walking to a place that seems exciting to you

C.Ten minutes of relaxation can do wonders

D.Even the most optimistic people can use a mood boost every once in a whileE. Tell someone that you’re guaranteed to brighten their day

F. You could even plan a date night out to a comedy club

G. Buy something silly

判断题