问题 填空题

向2L密闭容器中通入n mol气体A和6 mol气体B,在一定条件下发生反应:

xA(g)+yB(g)pC(g)+qD(g)

已知:平均反应速率VC=1/2VA反应2 min时,A的浓度减少了1/3,B的物质的量减少了 a/2mol,有amolD生成。  回答下列问题:

(1)反应2 min内,VA=____,VB=____;

(2)化学方程式中,x=____、y=____、p=____、q=_____;

(3)反应平衡时,D为2a mol,则B的转化率为____;

(4)如果只升高反应温度,其他反应条件不变,平衡时D为1.5a mol,则该反应的△H____ 0(填“>”、“<”或“=”);

(5)如果其他条件不变,将容器的容积变为l L,进行同样的实验,则与上述反应比较:

①反应速率___________(填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”),理由是 _______;

②平衡时反应物的转化率_________(填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”),理由是_____________。

答案

(1)a/12[mol/(L·min)];a/8[mol/(L·min)]

(2)2;3;1;6

(3)(a/b)×100℅

(4)<

(5)增大;体积减小,反应物的浓度增大,因而使反应速率增大 ;减小;体积减小,气体的压强增大,平衡向气体分子数少的方向(即逆反应方向)移动,因而使反应物转化率减小

阅读理解

Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels,yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for.We do know,however,that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.

The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia.It is over 5,100 years old.Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn’t become popular for a while,though.This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.

But it could also be because of a difficult situation.While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces,roads with smooth surfaces weren’t going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them.Eventually,road surfaces did become smoother,but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later.There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.

In the mid­1700s,a Frenchman came up with a new design of road—a base layer(层) of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones.A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong,lasting road surface became a reality.At around the same time,metal hubs (the central part of a wheel)came into being,followed by the pneumatic tyre(充气轮胎) in 1846.Alloy wheels were invented in 1967,sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(柏油路).As wheel design took off,vehicles got faster and faster.                          (2013·重庆,C)

小题1:What might explain why transport wheels didn’t become popular for some time?

A.Few knew how to use transport wheels.

B.Humans carried farming tools just as well.

C.Animals were a good means of transport.

D.The existence of transport wheels was not known.小题2:What do we know about road design from the passage?

A.It was easier than wheel design.

B.It improved after big changes in vehicle design.

C.It was promoted by fast­moving vehicles.

D.It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.小题3:How is the last paragraph mainly developed?

A.By giving examples.

B.By making comparisons.

C.By following time order.

D.By making classifications.小题4:What is the passage mainly about?

A.The beginning of road design.

B.The development of transport wheels.

C.The history of public transport.

D.The invention of fast­moving vehicles.

单项选择题 A1/A2型题