问题 综合题

(28分)2010年,社会公平和谐成为两会的热点词。温 * * * * 政府工作报告中“我们所做的一切都是要让人民生活得更加幸福、更有尊严,让社会更加公正、更加和谐。”这句话赢得了社会的广泛赞誉。追求公平公正、致力社会和谐始终是人类不懈追求的重要目标。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 中国文化的精髓是什么?据我的看法,中国文化的精髓就是“和谐”。自古以来,中国就主张“和谐”。……我们讲和谐,不仅要人与人和谐,人与自然和谐,还要人内心和谐。

——《季羡林说和谐人生》

材料二 经济的迅速增长,使英国进入了一个名副其实的富裕社会。可由于社会忽视了公平分配的问题,多数人没有分得应得的成果。在整个工业革命时期,有1/3左右的工人家庭始终处于贫困……在19世纪上半叶的曼切斯特,社会下层……成员平均寿命只有17岁……根据内务部每年公布的犯罪统计,仅在英格兰和威尔士,所发生的刑事犯罪数字为:1805年4605起,1842年达到31309起。工人意识到不公平的分配使得他们受苦,因而滋生出对社会的反叛情绪,并汇合成一场声势浩大的群众运动。

——摘自钱乘旦·刘金源主编《寰球透视:现代化的迷途》

材料三 中国人民在50年中实现了 * * 发展的伟大的历史性飞跃。尽管在维护和促进 * * 的过程中遇到过曲折,但是,一个不容争辩的基本事实是:经过半个世纪的不懈努力,一个积弱积贫、备受屈辱的旧中国已经变成了一个独立自主、初步繁荣昌盛的新中国,12.5亿中国人民主宰了自己的命运,过上了丰衣足食、文明健康的美好生活,享受着前所未有的民主自由。

                       ——《中国 * * 发展50年》白皮书

(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识,以诸子百家思想为例说明传统文化在构建和谐社会方面有哪些合理成分和值得借鉴的地方。(6分)

(2)根据材料二,概括指出工业革命后英国出现的社会问题。结合二战后资本主义发展的相关史实说明资本主义社会是如何解决这些问题的。(10分)

(3)根据材料三并结合史实,说明新中国在维护和促进 * * 过程中的曲折与发展。综合上述材料,谈谈你对构建和谐社会的认识。(12分)

答案

(1)举例:儒家孔子,主张“仁者,爱人”、“己所不欲,勿施于人”,有助于和谐人际关系;墨家墨子,主张“兼爱”、“非攻”,有助于人与人、人与社会的和谐;道家

老子,天道自然,有助于人与自然及内心的和谐。(每点3分,共6分,任答2点即

(2)问题:社会财富分配不均;下层公民平均寿命短;犯罪率增加;社会矛盾激化。(8分)

措施:建立社会保障体系,实行福利国家政策。(2分)

(3)曲折: * * 践踏 * * ;发展:建国初建立三大民主制度:人民代表大会制度、    

中 * * 党领导多党合作与政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度;新时期恢复并完善人

大、政协制度,加强民主法制建设;推进基层民主政治建设。(8分)

认识:继承与发展;加强民主法制建设;完善社会保障体系等。(4分,至少2点,其他答案言之有理,即可酌情给分)

单项选择题 A型题
单项选择题

Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness to beauty and human feeling. (1) of information have nothing to do with it. A merely well-informed man is the most useless (2) on God’s earth. What we should (3) at producing is men who (4) both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction. Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start (5) , and their culture will lead them as (6) as philosophy and as high as (7) We have to remember that the valuable (8) development is self-development, and that it (9) takes place between the ages of sixteen and thirty. As to training, the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve.

In training a child to activity of thought, above all things we must (10) of what I will call "inert ideas"—— that is to say, ideas that are merely (11) into the mind without being (12) , or tested, or thrown into fresh combinations.

In the history of education, the most (13) phenomenon is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a craze for genius, in a (14) generation exhibit merely pedantry and routine. The reason is that they are overlade with inert ideas. Except at (15) intervals of intellectual motivation, education in the past has been radically (16) with inert ideas. That is the reason why (17) clever women, who have seen much of the world, are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community. They have been saved from this horrible (18) of inert ideas. Every intellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity (19) greatness has been a (20) protest against inert ideas.

3()

A.point

B.aim

C.clutch

D.snap