问题 综合题

诗文证史

某校高三历史老师布置同学们自学《现代史学名家》一课,小王同学对陈寅恪提倡的“诗文证史”方法特别感兴趣,查找到以下材料,并提出若干问题:

材料一  诗文证史法,或曰诗史互证法,即一方面以诗文或小说来证史,或补正史事的阙误,或别备史事的异说;另一方面,以史来证诗文或小说,或考证作品的今典,或寻绎诗文的通解。

材料二  以诗史互证,自推陈寅恪先生为最著。陈先生才思高敏,学养深厚,能就诗史曲折互证,成其新解。他说:“我之所以要搞唐诗证唐史,是因为唐代自武宗之后的历史记录存在很多错误。但唐代的诗歌则保留了大量的历史实录,唐史的复杂性与接触面广这些特点,都在唐诗中有反映,成为最原始的实录。文章合为时而作,所以唐诗中也反映了当时社会的现实”。

——摘自上师大古籍研究所虞云国《陈寅恪史学方法论》

问题:(8分)

(1)依据“诗文证史”法,如进一步探究古代两河流域、古代印度和希腊的历史,你认为应该特别重视哪些史诗的证史价值?(3分)

(2)除“诗文证史”的研究方法,请再举一例证史方法并作简要介绍。(3分)

(3)根据材料和所学知识,你如何看待“诗文证史”这一治史方法?(2分)

答案

(1)史诗:两河流域——《吉尔伽美什》、古代印度——《摩珂婆罗多》或《罗摩衍那》、古希腊——《荷马史诗》等。(3分)

(2)如“图像证史”。 “图像证史”是指在正常的历史研究中采用图像、图画、图表等手段对所涉及的历史进行梳理,证实的过程(举例1分,也可举如“考古发现”或“文物证史”、“考古与文献互证法”等证实途径或方法。介绍2分,言之有理即可。共3分)

(3)利:这种方法使历史研究拥有更丰富、形象的文学史料作为印证;将文史研究有机地结合起来,在历史研究视野、材料和方法上,都开拓出新途径。弊:诗歌及小说等仍属文学作品,具有夸张或艺术加工,不能等同历史。

(能从辨证角度看问题,言之有理即可,共2分)

阅读理解

Jack was ten years old and he was a very lazy boy. He didn’t like doing any work. He had to go to school, of course, but he didn’t study hard there and tried to do little work. His father and mother were both doctors and they hoped that their son would become one too when he grew up. But one day Jack said to his mother, “When I finish school, I want to be a dustman(垃圾工).”

“A dustman?” his mother asked. She was very surprised. “That’s not a good job. Why do you want to become a dustman?”

“Because I would only have to work one day a week,” Jack answered at once.

“Only one day a week?” his mother said. “What do you mean? And how do you know?”

“Well,” Jack answered, “I know that the dustman came to work on Thursday every week, because I only see them on that day.”

小题1:How was Jack doing at school?

A.He liked his school.

B.He worked hard at school.

C.He didn’t study hard at school.

D.He tried to do much work at school.小题2:Jack’s parents wanted their son to be a                .

A.doctor

B.dustman

C.teacher

D.worker小题3:Jack hoped to be a dustman because he thought                    .

A.that job was very important

B.the dustman worked only on Thursday

C.he could make more money

D.that was a dirty job小题4:Jack’s mother felt surprised at his hope of being a dustman, because          .

A.their son was too young to be a dustman

B.a dustman worked only one day a week

C.it was hard to get such a job

D.that was not a good job小题5:What do you think of Jack?

A.He was not very clever.

B.He was very lazy.

C.He liked the dustman’s work.

D.He didn’t want to be a doctor.

单项选择题