问题 实验题

某烧碱溶液中含有少量杂质(不与盐酸反应),现用中和滴定测定其浓度。

(1)滴定:①用      式滴定管盛装c mol/L盐酸标准液。如图表示某次滴定时50 mL滴定管中前后液面的位置。请将用去的标准盐酸的体积填入③表空格中,此时滴定管中液体的体积         mL。

②下表是4种常见指示剂的变色范围:

指示剂石蕊甲基橙甲基红酚酞
变色范围(pH)5.0—8.03.1—4.44.4—6.28.2—10.0
 

该实验应选用       作指示剂;

③有关数据记录如下:

滴定序号待测液体积(mL)所消耗盐酸标准液的体积(mL)
滴定前滴定后消耗的体积
1V0.5025.8025.30
2V   
3V6.0031.3525.35
 

(2)根据所给数据,写出计算烧碱样品的物质的量浓度的表达式(不必化简)c =                    

(3)对下列几种假定情况进行讨论:(填“无影响”、“偏高”、“偏低”)

A.若滴定前用蒸馏水冲洗锥形瓶,则会使测定结果         

B.读数时,若滴定前仰视,滴定后俯视,则会使测定结果         

C.若在滴定过程中不慎将数滴酸液滴在锥形瓶外,则会使测定结果         

D.滴加盐酸速度过快,未充分振荡,刚看到溶液变色,立刻停止滴定,则会使测定结果         

答案

(1)①酸  24.60 大于25.10 ②酚酞

(2) 

(3)无影响 偏低 偏高  偏低 

题目分析:(1)酸性溶液或氧化性的物质的溶液用酸式滴定管;用去的标准酸溶液的体积为:24.90-0.30=24.60ml.由于使用的是50 mL滴定管,所以此时滴定管中带有刻度的部分溶液的体积为50 mL-24.90=25.10ml。在滴定管下边无刻度的部分还有液体,此时滴定管中液体的体积大于25.10ml. ②石蕊颜色变化不明显,所以一般不做酸碱滴定的指示剂。用酚酞或甲基橙作指示剂。由于甲基橙的变色范围是3.1—4.4,酚酞的变色范围是8.2—10.0。为了减少实验误差,要用酚酞相对更精确。(2)三次滴定消耗的标准HCl的体积分别是25.30ml、24.60ml、25.35ml。由于24.60ml相对误差较大。舍去。因此消耗的标准酸溶液的体积为(25.30ml+25.35ml)÷2=25.325ml..根据酸碱恰好中和时的物质的量相等 ,可得c(碱)=。(3)A.若滴定前用蒸馏水冲洗锥形瓶,由于待测的碱溶液中的溶质的质量及物质的量没有变化,所以对测定结果无影响。B.读数时,若滴定前仰视,读数偏大;滴定后俯视,读数偏小。则消耗的标准酸溶液的体积会偏小。因此以此为标准计算的待测溶液的浓度就偏低。C.若在滴定过程中不慎将数滴酸液滴在锥形瓶外,则消耗的标准酸溶液体积偏大,以此为标准计算的待测溶液的浓度就偏高。D.滴加盐酸速度过快,未充分振荡,刚看到溶液变色,立刻停止滴定,则消耗的标准酸溶液的体积偏少,会使测定结果偏低。

单项选择题
完形填空

Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theatre listening to the music. Today her little daughter Lauren was giving her ___1___ concert. She had been waiting for this __2__ for years and years. “Now it is here at last,” she thought. “How beautiful her ___3___ is.”

The song made her ___4___ to the days when she was Lauren’s ___5___. As a young ___6___, Dorothy wanted to be a concert singer. She studied ___7___ in France, Italy and in the United States. “You can become a fine ___8___ in the future,” her teachers told her. “But you must be ___9___ to study hard and work for many years. There will be ___10___ time for anything but music in your life.”

Dorothy was ___11___ at that time and she was ___12___ that music was all she wanted or needed to ___13___ her life. For almost a year Dorothy  ___14___  of nothing else. Then she ___15___ David,  a young engineer traveling Europe. They soon fell in ___16___. David asked her to be his ___17___. Dorothy also wanted to marry David. But she loved ___18___, too. She didn’t know what to do. David was against her being a singer. He said, “If you want to be a singer, you must forget about getting married. You can’t ___19___ do both.” Thus her days were gone and would never return.

Now Lauren became a singer instead of her, which was her ___20___.

1. A. sorry                       B. successful             C. first                      D. wonderful

2. A. dance                      B. moment                C. show                    D. party

3. A. voice                       B. face                      C. dress                    D. life

4. A. think of                   B. bring back            C. go back                D. come back

5. A. age                          B. friend                   C. mother                 D. teacher

6. A. musician                  B. pop star                C. lady                     D. girl

7. A. French                     B. music                   C. piano                    D. dance

8. A. actress                     B. student                 C. singer                   D. dancer

9. A. prepared                  B. learning                C. driven                  D. waiting

10. A. some                     B. any                      C. no                      D. enough

11. A. eight                      B. eighteen                C. eighty                   D. eighty-eight

12. A. lucky                     B. sure                      C. afraid                   D. fond

13. A. fill                        B. live                      C. lead                      D. take

14. A. heard                     B. knew                    C. talked                   D. thought

15. A. saw off                 B. learned from         C. heard of               D. met with

16. A. love                       B. feeling                  C. music                   D. touch

17. A. assistant                 B. teacher                 C. wife                     D. student

18. A. him                       B. engineering           C. herself                  D. music

19. A. certainly                B. possibly                C. only                     D. mainly

20. A. thought          B. hope                   C. purpose                D. will