问题 问答题 简答题

试述智能障碍的分型及其临床表现。

答案

参考答案:

智能障碍可分为精神发育迟滞及痴呆两大类型。精神发育迟滞是指先天性或围生期或在生长发育成熟以前(18岁以前),由于各种致病因素,如遗传、感染、头部外伤、内分泌异常、中毒或缺氧等因素,使大脑正常发育受阻或发育不良,智能发育停留在一定阶段,随年龄增长其智能明显低于正常的同龄人,并伴有明显的社会适应障碍。痴呆是一组综合征,是后天获得的智能、记忆及人格的全面受损,通常发生于大脑发育成熟以后(18岁以后),其发生具有脑器质性病变基础,临床主要表现为创造性思维受损,抽象、理解、判断、推理能力下降,记忆力及计算力下降,后天获得的知识丧失,工作和学习能力下降或丧失,甚至生活不能自理,并伴有行为症状及精神症状,根据病变的性质及所涉及范围的不同,可分为全面性痴呆及部分性痴呆。

阅读理解

The idea for the book Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone came to Joanne Kathleen Rowling in 1990. It took her seven years to finish writing it. During those seven years she had a number of jobs, including one job as an English teacher in Portugal.

Rowling sent the book to four publishers before one of them bought it. She was very happy to sell her book because it was her life's dream to be a published writer. Before she sold her book, Rowling was living in a small apartment with her daughter and was so poor that she could not afford heat in the winter.

Harry Potter became very successful with children and adults in England. The book also really took off in the United States. After her second and third books were published, the three Harry Potter books filled the top three places on many newspapers' lists of best-sellers. Then the books were made into popular movies. Without question, Rowling's life had completely changed, in just three years.

Harry Potter books have now sold more than 30 million books around the world and have been translated into more than thirty-five languages. In 1997, Rowling was earning £70 (about US$110) a week. By the end of 2001, she had earned over £150 million ($250 million), making her one of the most successful female writers of all time. 

小题1:This reading is about _________.

A.Harry Potter's life

B.the writer's life

C.how the book became a movie

D.why Harry Potter is popular小题2:Which sentence is true about the first Harry Potter book?

A.Four publishers bought it.

B.It took the writer several years to finish it.

C.It was first published in Portugal.

D.Rowling got the idea from her daughter.小题3:Rowling's dream was _________.

A.to be a magician

B.to make a movie

C.to have her books published

D.to be an English teacher小题4:How many languages has Harry Potter been translated into?

A.more than 35

B.about 135

C.about 90

D.more than 150

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