问题 单项选择题

哮喘急性发作的首选药为()

A.沙丁胺醇

B.福莫特罗

C.沙美特罗

D.布地奈德

E.糖皮质激素

答案

参考答案:A

解析:

通过此题汇总支气管哮喘的用药相关考点:

1.糖皮质激素

①吸入型糖皮质激素(目前哮喘长期治疗的首选药物):倍氯米松、布地奈德、氟替卡松

②口服糖皮质激素(吸入激素无效或需要短期加强治疗):泼尼松、泼尼松龙

③静脉糖皮质激素(重度或严重哮喘发作时):氢化可的松琥珀酸钠、甲泼尼龙

2.β受体激动剂:

①短效β受体激动剂(哮喘急性发作的首选):沙丁胺醇、特布他林

②长效β受体激动剂(不能单独用于哮喘的治疗,与糖皮质激素联合使用是目前最常用的哮喘控制方案):沙美特罗、福莫特罗

3.白三烯受体阻断剂(目前除糖皮质激素外唯一可单独使用的哮喘控制性药物):孟鲁司特、扎鲁司特

4.磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(静脉给药主要应用于重症和危重症哮喘):氨茶碱

5.抗胆碱药:

①短效抗胆碱药(用于哮喘急性发作,多与β受体激动剂联合应用,尤其适用于夜间哮喘及多痰的患者):异丙托溴铵,有气雾剂和雾化溶液两种剂型

②长效抗胆碱药(用于哮喘合并慢阻肺以及慢阻肺患者的长期治疗):噻托溴铵

6.IgE抗体(用于吸入型糖皮质激素(ICS)和LABA联合治疗后症状仍未控制且血清IgE水平增高的重症哮喘患者)

完形填空

It was the last night of my summer camp. 16 I didn’t want to leave, I had to go back home the next day. I didn’t want to pack (收拾行装). I just wanted to make the night go 17 . How I wished that I could make time 18 at that moment! However, it seemed that time flew more quickly than before. I 19 on the bed, but I wasn’t 20 at all. I just closed my 21 , thinking of every minute I had 22 with my friends during the camp.
Just then, someone 23 the door. “Open the door, please.” said a soft 24 . I thought it was my friend, Elle. So I replied, “It’s open.” Then the door 25. When I looked at the door, I was 26. There stood all my friends, Elle, Lily, Sally and Allie. Together they walked over to my 27 and then each of them gave me a big hug (拥抱). We 28 our phone numbers and e-mail addresses to each other. We said that no matter how far we would be away from each other, we would 29 forget each other.
Just then, a tear slowly rolled down my face. As I looked up, I noticed all of my friends’ eyes were also 30 .   
小题1:
A.UntilB.WhileC.BecauseD.Although
小题2:
A.clearlyB.quicklyC.slowlyD.easily
小题3:
A.flyB.passC.stopD.finish
小题4:
A.satB.layC.stoodD.read
小题5:
A.sleepyB.angryC.excitedD.sad
小题6:
A.doorB.eyesC.booksD.windows
小题7:
A.wastedB.missedC.spentD.chatted
小题8:
A.waited atB.looked atC.cleaned upD.knocked at
小题9:
A.noiseB.soundC.voiceD.cry
小题10:
A.openedB.lockedC.closedD.broke
小题11:
A.afraidB.nervousC.crazyD.surprised
小题12:
A.homeB.bedC.roomD.door
小题13:
A.changedB.forgotC.gaveD.remembered
小题14:
A.everB.neverC.seldomD.often
小题15:
A.wetB.brightC.blackD.open
单项选择题