问题 填空题

把少量下列物质分别放到水中,充分搅拌,可以得到悬浊液的是 _________ ,得到乳浊液的是 _________ ,得到溶液的是 _________

细沙 氧化铜 汽油 植物油 蔗糖 酒精 食盐.

答案

细沙、氧化铜;汽油、植物油;蔗糖、酒精、食盐.

实验题

小明发现家中一枚戒指生满了铜绿,他和同学利用这枚戒指展开了研究性学习。

《查阅资料》 真金在空气中不会生锈,生满铜绿的“金戒指”材质为铜锌合金;

铜长期露置在潮湿的空气中能生成铜绿,其主要成分是碱式碳酸铜,碱式碳酸铜受热易分解生成CuO、H2O和CO2

据上述资料可推知,碱式碳酸铜由         种元素组成。

《 实验探究》 将该枚戒指加入过量稀盐酸中,有气泡产生,溶液由无色逐渐变为蓝绿色。

(1)小明认为:气体中除了含有CO2,还可能含有少量   

(2)小红认为蓝绿色溶液中的溶质只有氯化锌。小华认为溶液中的溶质除了氯化锌外,

还应该含有                 。他取适量上述蓝绿色溶液,加入光亮的铁片,观察到了现象:①        ,②         ,证实了自己的观点。

(3)小娟取适量新制的FeCl2溶液,加入锌粒,一段时间后,溶液颜色变浅。结合小华的实验可推知:铁、锌、铜三种金属的活动性由弱到强的顺序是          

(4)小明想进一步探究“金戒指”中铜元素的含量,取一枚同材质的“金戒指”,称得质量为3.8g。在老师的指导下,将“金戒指”经浓硝酸氧化、碱化等步骤处理后,最终得到纯净的氧化铜,称得质量仍然为3.8g(实验过程中铜元素损失忽略不计)。则“金戒指”中铜元素的质量分数是多少?(写出计算过程)

阅读理解

Thirteen vehicles lined up last March to race across the Mojave Desert, seeking a million in prize money. To win, they had to finish the 142-mile race in less than 10 hours. Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner at all, because these vehicles were missing a key part -drivers.

DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields. But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance. One had its brake lock up in the starting area. Another began by throwing itself onto a wall. Another got tied up by bushes near the road after 1.9 miles.

One turned upside down. One took off in entirely the wrong direction and had to be disabled by remote (远距离的) control. One went a little more than a mile and rushed into a fence; another managed to go for six miles but stuck on a rock. The “winner,” if there was any, reached 7.8 miles before it ran into a long, narrow hole, and the front wheels caught on fire.

“You get a lot of respect for natural abilities of the living things,” says Reinhold Behringer, who helped design two of the car-size vehicles for a company called Sci-Autonics. “Even ants (蚂蚁) can do all these tasks effortlessly . It’s very hard for us to put these abilities into our machines.”

The robotic vehicles, though with necessary modern equipment such as advanced computers and GPS guidance, had trouble figuring out fast enough the blocks ahead that a two-year-old human recognizes immediately, Sure, that very young child, who has just only learned to walk, may not think to wipe apple juice off her face, but she already knows that when there’s a cookie in the kitchen she has to climb up the table, and that when she gets to the cookie it will taste good. She is more advanced, even months old, than any machine humans have designed.

小题1:Watchers doubted if any of the vehicles could finish the race because        .

A.they did not have any human guidance

B.the road was not familiar to the drivers

C.the distance was too long for the vehicles

D.the prize money was unattractive to the drivers小题2:DARPA organized the race in order to         .

A.raise money for producing more robotic vehicles

B.push the development of vehicle industry

C.train more people to drive in the desert

D.improve the vehicles for future wars小题3:From the passage we know “robotic vehicles” are a kind of machines that         .

A.can do effortlessly whatever tasks living thing can

B.can take part in a race across 142 miles with a time limit

C.can show off their ability to turn themselves upside down

D.can move from place to place without being driven by human beings小题4:In the race, the greatest distance one robotic vehicle covered was          .

A.about eight miles

B.six miles

C.almost two miles

D.about one mile小题5:In the last paragraph, the writer implies that there is a long way to go         .

A.for a robotic vehicle to finish a 142-mile race without any difficulties

B.for a little child who has just learned to walk to reach the cookie on the table

C.for a robotic vehicle to deal with a simple problem that a little child can solve

D.for a little child to understand the importance of wiping apple juice off its face