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经国家体育总局正式批准，马拉松游泳世界杯赛于2006年9月24日在中国广东汕头举行。只要一提起马拉松，就让人联想起毅力和耐力。你知道马拉松长跑的历史渊源与下列哪个国家有关吗[ ]

A．古巴比伦

B．古代罗马

C．雅典

D．亚历山大帝国

答案

答案：C

单项选择题

As Oil Declines, So does America


More than 100 years ago, America’s first great economic (26) abroad was spearheaded by its giant oil companies, notably John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company. These companies (27) powerful beachheads in Mexico and Venezuela, and later in parts of Asia, North Africa and, of course, the Middle East. (28) they became ever more dependent on the extraction of oil in distant lands, American foreign policy began to be (29) around acquiring and protecting US oil concessions in major (30) areas.
With World War Ⅱ and the Cold War, oil and US national (31) became thoroughly intertwined. After all, the United States had prevailed over the Axis (32) in significant part because it possessed vast reserves of domestic petroleum, while Germany and Japan lacked them, depriving their forces of vital (33) supplies in the final years of the war. As it happened, though, the United States was using up its domestic (34) so rapidly that, even before World War Ⅱ was over, Washington (35) its attention to finding new overseas sources of crude oil that could be (36) under American control. As a result, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and a host of other Middle Eastern producers would become key US oil suppliers (37) American military protection.
There can be (38) question that, for a time, American domination of world oil production would prove a potent source of economic and military power. (39) World War Ⅱ, an abundance of cheap US oil spurred the (40) of vast new industries, including civilian air travel, highway construction, a (41) of suburban housing and commerce, mechanized agriculture, and plastics.

A.A. producing B. consumingC. processingD. refining

Abundant oil also underlay the global expansion of the country’s (42) power, as the Pentagon defended the world while becoming one of the planet’s great oil guzzlers. Its global dominion came to (43) on an ever-expanding array of oil-powered ships, planes, tanks and missiles. As long as the Middle East—and especially Saudi Arabia—served essentially as an American gas station and oil (44) a cheap commodity, all this was relatively painless. That is why the use of military force has been a (45) of American foreign policy since 1987.
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（6分）阅读下列短文

父亲拍下儿子在黄河冰面上救人的惊现瞬间

据山西晚报报道，2011年2月4日，张帆与父母来到运城平陆黄河湿地观赏天鹅，突然间，在冰水交融的湖面上，一落水女孩凄厉呼救．张帆迅速趴在了满是天鹅粪的冰面上，匍匐着向前爬去救人．张帆艰难地爬到女孩身后，把在冰面上捡到的女孩遗落的围巾甩给女孩，并向她高喊：“赶紧抓‘绳子’”．女孩很快抓紧了“绳子”，无奈女孩的身体太重，张帆反倒一次次差点被拖入水中（如图所示）．小伙子长时间的匍匐，加速了冰的熔化，张帆感觉身下涌出一股股冰水，耳边不断响起“咔嚓咔嚓”的冰裂声．就在千钧一发的时刻，景区管理人员带着救生圈，系着长绳赶来增援，落水女孩终于被托出湖面．

就在张帆救人之时，父亲张京平正在远处专心拍摄天鹅，忽然，在湖中央，一个挣扎着的女孩闯入他的镜头，紧接着，一个匍匐行进的身影，也进入他的视线．他屏住呼吸，小心翼翼地按动快门，见证、记录着一个正在发生、可遇不可求的事件！张京平调整焦距，使年轻人的面容清晰地出现在镜头里，却惊恐地发现——救人的小伙，竟是他的独生儿子张帆！

请回答下列问题：

（1）张帆趴在冰面上匍匐着爬去救人，是因为趴在冰面上能增大与冰面的       ，减小对冰面的           ，使冰面不易裂开；

（2）张帆用“绳子”去拉女孩时，反倒差点被拖下水中，说明了                ；

（3）张帆耳边不断响起“咔嚓咔嚓”的冰裂声是由于冰的       产生的；

（4）张京平使用的照相机镜头相当于一个     镜，对光线具有_________作用。
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