问题 问答题

(18分)碳、氮、硫是中学化学重要的非金属元素,在工农业生产中有广泛的应用。

(1)用于发射“天宫一号”的长征二号F火箭的燃料是液态偏二甲肼(CH3-NH-NH-CH3),氧化剂是液态四氧化二氮。二者在反应过程中放出大量能量,同时生成无毒、无污染的气体。已知室温下,1 g燃料完全燃烧释放出的能量为42.5kJ,请写出该反应的热化学方程式________________________________________。

(2)298 K时,在2L的密闭容器中,发生可逆反应:2NO2(g) N2O4(g) ΔH=-a kJ·mol-1 (a>0) 。N2O4的物质的量浓度随时间变化如图。达平衡时, N2O4的浓度为NO2的2倍,回答下列问题。

①298k时,该反应的平衡常数为________ L ·mol-1

②下列事实能判断该反应处于平衡状态的是     

a.混合气体的密度保持不变 

b.混合气体的颜色不再变化

c. VN2O4)正=2VNO2)逆

③若反应在398K进行,某时刻测得n(NO2)="0.6" mol  n(N2O4)=1.2mol,则此时

V(正)   V(逆)(填“>”“<”或“=”)。

(3)NH4HSO4在分析试剂、医药、电子工业中用途广泛。现向100 mL 0.1 mol·L-1NH4HSO4溶液中滴加0.1 mol·L-1NaOH溶液,得到的溶液pH与NaOH溶液体积的关系曲线如图所示。

试分析图中a、b、c、d、e五个点,

①水的电离程度最大的是__________;

②其溶液中c(OH-)的数值最接近NH3·H2O的电离常      

数K数值的是    

③在c点,溶液中各离子浓度由大到小的排列顺序

是__________。

答案

(1)C2H8N2(l)+2N2O4(l)=2CO2(g)+3N2(g)+4H2O(l) ΔH=-2550 kJ·mol-1(3分)

(2)①6.67 (2分) ②b (2分) ③< (2分) 

(3)①b (3分) ②d(3分) ③c(Na)>c(SO)>c(NH4+)>c(OH)=c(H)(3分)

题目分析:(1)根据题给信息和热化学方程式的书写原则知,室温下液态偏二甲肼和液态四氧化二氮反应的热化学方程式C2H8N2(l)+2N2O4(l)=2CO2(g)+3N2(g)+4H2O(l)  ΔH=-2550 kJ·mol-1。(2)①根据题给图像知,298k时,N2O4的平衡浓度为0.6mol/L,N2O4的浓度为NO2的2倍,NO2的平衡浓度为0.3mol/L,该反应的平衡常数K=[N2O4]/[NO2]2=0.6/0.32="6.67" L ·mol-1。② a.反应在容积不变的容器中进行,由质量守恒定律知,混合气体的质量不变,混合气体的密度不随反应的进行而变化,不能作为平衡标志,错误; b.混合气体的颜色是由二氧化氮引起,混合气体的颜色不再变化,二氧化氮的浓度不变,已达平衡,正确; c. 由VN2O4)正=2VNO2)逆知,VN2O4)正:VNO2)逆=2,不等于化学计量数之比,错误,选b;③反应:2NO2(g) N2O4(g) ΔH=-a kJ·mol-1 (a>0)为放热反应,升高温度,平衡逆向移动,平衡常数减小,若反应在398K进行,平衡常数K<6.67 L ·mol-1,某时刻测得n(NO2)="0.6" mol  n(N2O4)=1.2mol,则此时Q=c(N2O4)/c2(NO2)="6.67" L ·mol-1,Q>K,反应逆向进行,V(正)<V(逆)。(3)向100 mL 0.1 mol·L-1NH4HSO4溶液中滴加0.1 mol·L-1NaOH溶液,发生的反应依次为:H+OHH2O、NH4+ + OH-NH3·H2O。①当氢离子恰好完全反应时,溶液为硫酸钠和硫酸铵的混合物,水的电离程度最大,结合图像知,水的电离程度最大的是b;②Kb(NH3·H2O)=c(NH4+)c(OH-)/c(NH3·H2O),c(NH4+)与c(NH3·H2O)相等时,其溶液中c(OH-)的数值最接近NH3·H2O的电离常数K数值,结合题给图像知是d;③由图像知,c点溶液呈中性,溶液为硫酸钠、硫酸铵和一水合氨的混合液,各离子浓度由大到小的排列顺序是c(Na)>c(SO)>c(NH4+)>c(OH)=c(H)。

阅读理解

China reported blistering growth for the last three months of 2009, raising expectations of interest rate increases and other measures to head off inflation.

China has declared that it is recovering from the global economic crisis.

Ma Jiantang, of the National Bureau of Statistics, said Thursday the country's economy grew by 10.7 percent in the last three months of 2009.

Ma says China has managed to quickly hold back what he described as “the sliding of the national economy.” He says China has become the first country, on the whole, to achieve economic recovery and stabilization.

According to previous estimates, Ma says China's gross domestic product for 2009 rose 8.7 percent to nearly five trillion dollars.

This goes beyond the official growth rate target of eight percent. The government has long considered eight percent growth essential to creating enough jobs for the country's more than one billion people.

At the same time, Ma says some problems and contradictions are natural.

Ma says the Chinese government will give more priority to economic restructuring and improving peoples’ livelihoods.

To reduce the effects of the global economic crisis that began in 2008, China loosened lending practices, cut interest rates and began massive spending programs. But the government wants to make sure those measures do not contribute to inflation, which can be politically sensitive in a country where hundreds of millions of people remain poor.

Beijing resident Ms. Wang says she is worried. She says she thinks prices are rising really fast. She points to the price of cabbage, which has increased more than 10 times in the past year.

The head of the Chinese Banking Regulatory Commission, this week said the government will step up monitoring of banks and rein in lending to prevent speculative bubbles (投机泡沫)in real estate(房地产) and other assets.

The World Bank on Thursday released a report that predicts China's economy will grow by nine percent this year. This contrasts with forecasts of 2.5 percent growth rate for the United States and one percent growth for European economies in 2010, because of weaknesses remaining from the global financial crisis.

68. What does the underlined phrase in the first paragraph mean?

A. prevent              B. begin                      C. continue            D. reduce

69. How many measures did China take to reduce the sliding of the national economy?

A. 2                         B. 3                  C. 4                      D. 5

70. The global economy in 2010 will ________.

A. increase more quickly than in 2009

B. recover immediately if proper measures are taken

C. remain weak as a result of the global financial crisis

D. remain the same standard as that in 2009

71. The passage is mainly about ________.

A. jobs created for more than one billion people

B. lending practices loosened in China in the new year

C. rapid growth of Chinese economy in last months of 2009

D. fast growth in economy leading to inflation

单项选择题