问题 问答题

含硫化合物在工业生产中有广泛的用途。

(1)SO2可用于工业生产SO3

①在一定条件下,每生成8g SO3气体,放热9.83kJ。该反应的热化学方程式为________。

②在500℃,催化剂存在的条件下,向容积为1L的甲、乙两个密闭容器中均充入 2 mol SO2和1 mol O2。甲保持压强不变,乙保持容积不变,充分反应后均达到平衡。

I.平衡时,两容器中SO3体积分数的关系为:甲_______乙(填“>”、“<”或“ =”)。

II.若乙在t1 min时达到平衡,此时测得容器乙中SO2的转化率为90%,则该

反应的平衡常数为_______;保持温度不变,t2 min时再向该容器中充入1 mol SO2和1 mol SO3,t3min时达到新平衡。请在下图中画出t2~t4 min内正逆反应速率的变化曲线(曲线上必须标明V、V逆 

(2)硫酸镁晶体(MgSO4·7H2O )在制革、医药等领域均有广泛用途。4.92g硫酸镁晶体受热脱水过程的热重曲线(固体质量随温度变化的曲线)如右图所示。

①固体M的化学式为__________。

②硫酸镁晶体受热失去结晶水的过程分为_________个阶段。

③N转化成P时,同时生成另一种氧化物,该反应的化学方程式为_________。

答案

(1)①2SO2(g)+O2(g)⇌2 SO3(g)△H="-196.6" kJ/mol

②I >          II  810 L/mol

(2)①MgSO4•H2O ② 2     ③MgSO4MgO+SO3

(1)①在一定条件下,每生成8gSO3的物质的量为0.1mol,放热9.83kJ,则每生成1mol三氧化硫反应放热98.3KJ,所以该反应的热化学方程式为:2SO2(g)+O2(g)⇌2SO3(g)△H="-196.6" kJ/mol。

②I.2SO2(g)+O2(g)⇌2SO3(g)正反应是体积缩小的反应,在500℃,催化剂存在的条件下,向容积为1L的甲、乙两个密闭容器中均充入2mol SO2和1mol O2,起始时甲、乙两容器体积相同,甲保持压强不变,乙保持容积不变,充分反应后均达到平衡,甲为了保持压强不变,容器的体积不断减小,这一过程相当于到达平衡后的乙对容器加压,加压平衡正移.因此,达平衡时,甲容器中SO3体积分数大于乙容器中的三氧化硫,故答案为>;

II.乙在t1min时达到平衡,此时测得容器乙中的转SO2化率为90%,则2mol SO2和1mol O2在1L密闭容器在t1min内各物质浓度发生的变化如下:

2SO2(g)+O2(g)═2SO3(g)

起始浓度(mol/L)  2         1           0

变化浓度(mol/L)1.8        0.9         1.8

平衡浓度(mol/L)0.2        0.1         1.8

该反应的平衡常数为:k= C2(SO3)/C2(SO2)×C(O2)=(1.8mol/L)2/(0.2mol/L)2×(0.1mol/L)="810" L/mol。保持温度不变t2min时,化学平衡常数不变,再向该容器中充入1molSO2和1mol SO3,反应物SO2和生成物SO3,浓度在t2时都瞬间增加,所以t2时瞬间反应速率增大,在1L密闭容器在t2min内各物质浓度如下:

2SO2(g)+O2(g)═2SO3(g),

起始浓度(mol/L) 1.2         0.1        2.8    

此时浓度商为:QC= C2(SO3)/C2(SO2)×C(O2)=(2.8mol/L)2/(1.2mol/L)2×(0.1mol/L)<K="810" L/mol,平衡向正反应方向移动,t3min时达到新平衡,图象如图所示

(2)①依据图象分析在150℃时固体质量变为2.76g,硫酸镁晶体加热失去结晶水,质量减小,设失去结晶水x个,则4.92g MgSO4•7H2O样品物质的量=4.92g÷246g/mol=0.02mol,

MgSO4•7H2OMgSO4•(7-x)H2O+xH2O

0.02mol               0.02xmol          

0.02xmol×18g/mol=4.92g-2.76g=2.16g

x=6  所以加热到150℃时固体为MgSO4•H2O

②依据图象分析在200℃时固体质量变为2.40g,硫酸镁晶体加热失去结晶水,质量减小,设失去结晶水Y个,

MgSO4•7H2O MgSO4•(7-Y)H2O+YH2O

0.02mol                           0.02Ymol     

0.02Ymol×18g/mol=4.92g-2.40g=2.52g, x=7 

所以加热到200℃时固体为MgSO4,所以硫酸镁晶体受热失去结晶水的过程分为两个阶段。故答案为2;    

③硫酸镁晶体(MgSO4•7H2O)加热到200℃N时固体为硫酸镁,硫酸镁只含三种元素,N转化成P时,同时生成另一种氧化物,另一种氧化物只能是硫的氧化物,因镁的化合价未变,所以氧化物为三氧化硫,从图象中可知P时,固体质量为0.8克,氧化镁的物质的量为0.8g÷40g/mol=0.02mol,N转化成P时减少的固体质量2.40g-0.8=1.6g,硫的物质的量等于硫酸镁晶体的物质的量为0.02mol,所以氧元素的质量为1.6g-0.02mol×32g/mol=0.96g,物质的量为0.96g÷6g/mol=0.06mol,所以硫与氧的物质的量比为:0.02:0.06=1:3,进一步验证为三氧化硫,所以反应为:MgSO4MgO+SO3↑。

阅读理解

We recycle(回收利用)rubbish, so why not language? Recycling language means using vocabulary that you have learnt before again and again. However, unlike rubbish that piles up(堆积)in our environment. if we do not recycle language, we simply forget it. So how do you recycle language?

There are basically three ways to do it. The first is through reading. Go back to your favourite articles and read them once more. Just reread them and do not worry about each vocabulary item. If there are some that you are not sure about, make a guess and you will probably guess right. The second way to recycle is through writing. Look at some of your favourite articles and write either a short paragraph or a few sentences in your own words. After you have done this a few times, go back and read through what you have written, checking vocabulary functions. Don’t worry if you have made mistakes. That’s how you learn. The third way to recycle language is by having an imaginary chat with yourself about your favourite articles at home. You can pretend there is someone with you who speaks English and tell him what you are thinking about or how you feel.

( )12. According to the passage, recycling language means ______.

A. repeating vocabulary at times    B. revising vocabulary at a proper time

C. learning new vocabulary as much as possible

D. using vocabulary that we have learnt very often

( )13. If we recycle language, it may ______.

A. be kept in our mind                   B. be forgotten easily

C. pile up in our environment            D. disappear from our mind soon

( )14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in recycling language?

A. Reading.        B. Listening.       C. Writing.        D. Speaking.

( )15. Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage?

A. Why to Recycle Language              B. How to Learn Vocabulary

C. How to Recycle Language              D. Why to Learn Vocabulary

判断题