问题 选择题

如图所示,一个滑雪运动员从左侧斜坡距离坡底8m处自由滑下,当下滑到距离坡底s1处时,动能和势能相等(以坡底为参考平面);到坡底后运动员又靠惯性冲上斜坡(不计经过坡底时的机械能损失),当上滑到距离坡底s2处时,运动员的动能和势能又相等,上滑的最大距离为4m.关于这个过程,下列说法中正确的是(   )

A.摩擦力对运动员所做的功等于运动员动能的变化

B.重力和摩擦力对运动员所做的总功等于运动员动能的变化

C.s1<4m,s2>2m

D.s1>4m,s2<2m

答案

BC

题目分析:根据动能定理合力对对运动员所做的功等于运动员动能的变化.

假设初始重力势能为mgh,那么在距坡底有4m时,重力势能为0.5mgh,但动能小于0.5mgh(因为有摩擦),所以继续下滑,才会出现动能和重力势能相等的时刻,故s1<4m,依次求出s2

解:A、根据动能定理合力对对运动员所做的功等于运动员动能的变化.

这个过程,只有重力和摩擦力对运动员做功,故A错误,B正确.

C、滑雪运动员从左侧斜坡距离坡底8m处自由滑下,当滑到距离坡底4m的时候

此时高度也下落了一半,即:重力势能减少了一半(0.5Ep),还剩下一半(0.5Ep

由于克服摩擦力做功消耗机械能,所以此时,动能小于重力势能,要再往下滑,才会出现动能等于重力势能的时候.因此,下滑时,当动能等于势能的时候,运动员距离坡底距离小于4m.

到坡底后运动员又靠惯性冲上斜坡,当刚好滑行到距离坡底2m处的时候

此时上升了最大高度的一半,动能也损失了一半0.5Ek (到达最大高度时,剩下的一半也耗尽.)

由于克服摩擦力做功消耗机械能,此时运动员的动能大于重力势能,需要继续往上滑行,才会出现动能等于重力势能的时候.因此,上滑时,动能等于重力势能的时候,运动员距离坡底距离大于2m.故C正确,D错误.

故选BC.

点评:下到坡底的过程中重力势能转化为动能及摩擦力做功产生的热量,上坡中动能转化为重力势能及摩擦力做功产生的热量.抓住能量是守恒的思路解决问题.

完形填空
完形填空。
     Mike is a five-year-old boy. His father is  1   shop assistant. His mother is a doctor.
They   2    busy with their work and have to   3   their son at home by   4   .
     Mike likes drawing. He often draws dogs, cocks, foxes and flowers on the floor with chalk.
One afternoon his mother   5 a few brushes and a drawing book home. Mike was   6  , and
he began to read the book at once. After  7   his parents were going to watch TV; he started to
draw carefully at the table.
     "What are you   8 , Mike?"asked his mother.
     "God(上帝) ,"answered the boy.
     "But we can't see God and   9   knows what God looks like. "
     "When I  10   drawing, you will know about it," said the little boy.
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( )8. A. draws    
( )9. A. everyone
( )10. A. finish  
B. an          
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单项选择题