问题 填空题

气候变暖冰川融化将会对人类产生极大的灾害。如南极冰盖全部融化,南太平洋上的美丽岛国图瓦卢很可能成为首个“沉没”的国家,喜马拉雅山冰川融化尼泊尔会有“灭顶”之灾,近海城市遭受城市淹没、海啸等灾害。所以合理利用资源,加强环境保护。降低碳的排放,实施低碳经济是今后经济生活主流。

(1)下列措施对有效减少二氧化碳排放和降低大气中二氧化碳不适合的是___________________

A.使用天然气等燃料  

B.植树造林,保护森林,保护植被

C.大力发展风能、水力、潮汐能发电和核电,大力推行太阳能的综合开发

D.立即减少煤和石油化石燃料的使用

E.建筑物中尽量利用自然通风采光,推广使用节能灯和节能电器,使用空调时夏季温度不宜设置过低,冬天不宜过高

F.全民倡导出行时多步行和骑自行车;建设现代物流信息系统,减少运输工具空驶率

(2)目前用超临界CO2(其状态介于气态和液态之间)代替氟利昂作致冷剂已成为一种趋势,这一做法对环境的积极意义在于保护______________________。

(3)科学家致力于二氧化碳的“组合转化”技术研究,把过多的二氧化碳转化为有益于人类的物质。如将CO2和H2以1∶4比例混合通入反应器,在适当条件下反应可获得一种重要能源。请完成以下化学方程式:CO2+4H2==___________+2H2O

(4)收集提纯炼铁、炼钢等工厂所排放的气体,可得高纯度的CO,在适当的条件下,用CO和H2反应可获得人工合成汽油,也可减少碳的排放,节约能源。假设此人工合成汽油是碳原子数为5~8的烷烃,要达到合成汽油的要求,通入反应装置里的CO和H2的物质的量之比范围是______≤n(CO)/n(H2) ≤______(保留最简分数比形式)

(5)探究CO2来生产燃料甲醇(CH3OH)的反应原理,现进行如下实验在体积为1L的密闭容器中,充入1molCO2和3molH2,一定条件下发生反应:CO2(g)+3H2(g)CH3OH(g)+H2O(g)测得CO2和CH3OH(g)的浓度随时间变化如下图所示。

从反应开始到平衡,氢气的平均反应速率v(H2)=_________________。

答案

(1)AD

(2)臭氧层

(3)CH4

(4)5/11;8/17

(5)0.225 mol/(L·min)

单项选择题
阅读理解

B
The following symbols have appeared on clothes labels for four decades, each one chosen by international experts for its simplicity and clarity.
Yet for most people, washing instructions might as well be written in Martian.
According to a new poll, nine in ten people are unable to decipher common symbols used on clothes labels. Even those who have mastered the difference between a wool and a synthetics(化学合成物)wash admit being baffled by the confusing array(排列)of boxes, circles and crosses used to give advice about drying and bleaching(漂白).
The findings come from a poll of 2,000 people carried out by YouGov for Morphy Richards. A third of people surveyed said that they recognized none of the several symbols shown, while the only symbol recognized by more than half of people was the iron with a single dot. Around 70 per cent knew it meant "iron on a low heat". Just 10 per cent sign knew the sign for "do not dry clean", while only 12 per cent were familiar with "drip dry only".
Despite the sexual revolution, women are still more knowledgeable than men. Awareness was highest among 18 to 29-year-old women---for whom taking care of clothes is clearly important.
Chris Lever, from Morphy Richards, said: "Clothes Care symbols are a unique language, clearly a language that few people in the UK have taken the time to learn."
"Learning the basics such as which icon represents tumble dry and which represents normal wash would go a long way to getting the best out of clothes."
The Home Laundering Consultative Council said it was not surprised to learn that people were unfamiliar with them.
"It's disappointing that there is a lack of recognition, but it's a story that's repeated time and time again," said a spokesman, Adam Mansell. "We are a small organization and we don't have a big budget."





60. Women know more about these common symbols than men, because _________.
A. women have the gift of recognizing these symbols by nature
B. women pay more attention to taking care of clothes in their daily life
C. women have much time to know about these symbols
D. women take advantage of the sexual revolution
61. Which of the following can be recognized by the majority of people?
                       
A              B                 C              D
62. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
A. Washing clothes is damaging them if we don’t know about some symbols used on clothes labels.
B. Washing clothes is also a cultured knowledge.
C. More and more people devote much time to studying these symbols used on clothes labels.
D. Clothes Care symbols are a unique language, which few people spend time to learn.