问题 问答题 案例分析题

某高层商住楼,地上23层、地下2层。其中地下一、二层为地下车库,停车位747个,地上一、二、三层为商场,负二层至三层每层建筑面积为3880.9m2,地上四层以上为普通住宅,每一层的建筑面积为1420m2。建筑高度为78.9m,裙房商场建筑高度21.2m。该商住楼内的防烟楼梯间及其前室、消防电梯间前室和合用前室,靠外墙布置具备自然排烟条件。

请配置该建筑物内的消防设施。

答案

参考答案:

该建筑物属于一类高层商住楼。其需要设置的消防设施有:

1)室外消火栓系统。《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》规定,高层建筑必须设置室外消火栓给水系统,该商住楼的室外消防用水量不应小于30L/s,因为每个室外消火栓的用水量为10~15L/s,所以在建筑物周围至少设置3个室外消火栓。室外消火栓给水管网应布置成环状,其进水管不宜少于两条。

2)室内消火栓系统。《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》规定,高层建筑必须设置室内消火栓给水系统,该商住楼的室内消火栓用水量不应小于40L/s,消防管网应布置成环状。该商住楼的住宅部分、裙房商场和地下车库的各层均应设置室内消火栓,消火栓的间距保证同层任何部分有两个消火栓的水枪充实水柱同时到达,消火栓的用水量根据充实水柱通过计算确定。

3)自动喷水灭火系统。《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》规定建筑高度不超过100m的一类高层建筑及其裙房,除游泳池、溜冰场、建筑面积小于5.00m2的卫生间、普通住宅、设集中空调的住宅的户内用房和不宜用水扑救的部位外,均应设自动喷水灭火系统,《汽车库、修车库、停车场设计防火规范》规定,停车数超过10辆的地下汽车库应设置自动喷水灭火系统,因此该建筑物除住宅部分和不宜用水扑救的场所外均应设自动喷水灭火系统。该商住楼的商场和车库自动喷水灭火系统设置场所火灾危险等级均为中危险级n级,设计喷水强度不应低于8L/min·m2,作用面积不小于160m2

4)火灾自动报警系统。《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》规定,除住宅、商住楼的住宅部分、游泳池、溜冰场外,建筑高度不超过100m的一类高层建筑应设置火灾自动报警系统,所以该商住楼的商场部分和地下汽车库应设置火灾自动报警系统。系统采用控制中心报警系统。除地下车库和厨房选用感温探测器外,商场等其他部位均选用感烟探测器。消防控制室设在该建筑的首层。

5)防排烟系统。因为该商住楼内的防烟楼梯间及其前室、消防电梯间前室和合用前室,靠外墙布置具备自然排烟条件,所以采用自然通风防烟。《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》规定,一类高层建筑的长度超过20m的内走道,面积超过100m2,且经常有人停留或可燃物较多的房间应设置排烟设施,因此住宅部分满足上述条件时采用自然排烟,商场部分考虑到商场的特点采用机械排烟。《汽车库、修车库、停车场设计防火规范》规定,面积超过2000m2的地下汽车库应设置机械排烟系统因此该地下车库应设机械排烟系统。每个防烟分区的建筑面积不宜超过2000m2,排烟风机的排烟量应按换气次数不小于6次/h计算确定。负二层还应设补风系统,补风量不小于排烟量的50%。

6)灭火器配置。《建筑灭火器配置设计规范》规定,该商住楼的商场和住宅的公共活动部位及地下汽车库应配置建筑灭火器。灭火器配置场所的火灾种类和危险等级:地下车库为B类火灾,严重危险级;商场为A类火灾,严重危险级;住宅公共活动部位为A类火灾,轻危险级。该建筑各层均配置磷酸铵盐ABC干粉灭火器。

7)应急照明和疏散指示。《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》的规定,该建筑的下列部位应设置应急照明:防烟楼梯间、防烟楼梯间前室、消防电梯间及其前室、合用前室;配电室、消防控制室、消防水泵房、防烟排烟机房、商场等人员密集的场所及公共建筑内的疏散走道、地下车库。该建筑的疏散走道和安全出口处应设灯光疏散指示标志,并宜设在墙面上或顶棚上。安全出口标志宜设在出口的顶部。

8)消防电梯。根据《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》的规定,该高层商住楼建筑应设置消防电梯,消防电梯载重量不应小于800kg,行驶速度从首层到顶层的运行时间不应超过60s。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     When you don't speak, you may be still communicating. It is true that you may not wish to say anything.

But your very silence may show your wish to be left alone or to stay uninvolved (不参与的), which is the

message you want to send.

     So it has been said that while we speak with our vocal organs (发声器官), we converse with our whole

bodies. All of us communicate with one another nonverbally, as well as with words. Sometimes we know

what we're doing, as with the use of gestures such as the thumbs-up sign to indicate (表明) that we approve

(赞成).But most of the time we're not aware (意识到的) that we are doing it.

     Body language serves a variety of purposes. Firstly it can replace verbal communication, as with the use

of gesture. Secondly, it can modify (修饰) verbal communication. Loudness and tone of voice is an example

here. Thirdly it regulates (约束) social interaction: taking turns is largely governed by non-verbal signals.

Fourthly it conveys (表达) our emotions. Finally it conveys our attitude towards ourselves and towards the

people we are communicating with. This is particularly important for successful cross-cultural communications.

     Every culture has its own body language. So in order to achieve a more successful cross-cultural

communication, we heed (留意) not only what to say but also how to say it appropriately. Observation shows

that a truly bilingual (会说两种语言的) person switches (转换) his body language at the same time he switches

languages.

1. The underlined word "converse" in the second paragraph can be replaced by _____. [ ]

A. continue

B. communicate

C. complain

D. compete

2. The underlined word "This" in the third paragraph refers to _____. [ ]

A. the fact that body language serves a variety of purposes

B. the fact that body language can modify verbal communication

C. the fact that body language can regulate social interaction

D. the fact that body language conveys our attitude

3. It is implied that a more successful cross-cultural communication can be achieved _____. [ ]

A. if we keep the same body language

B. if we verbally express ourselves clearly

C. if we change our body language at the same time we change our words

D. if we change our body language from time to time

4. Body language varies _____. [ ]

A. from year to year

B. from culture to culture

C. from time to time

D. from person to person

5. The best title for the passage is _____. [ ]

A. Verbal language

B. Body language

C. Ways to communicate

D. Communication skills

单项选择题