问题 问答题

已知单质硫在通常条件下以S8(斜方硫)的形式存在,而在蒸气状态时,含有S2、S4、S6及S8等多种同素异形体,其中S4、S6和S8具有相似的结构特点,其结构如图所示:

(1)在一定温度下,测得硫蒸气的平均摩尔质量为72g/mol,则该蒸气中S2分子的体积分数不小于______.

(2)在一定条件下,S8(s)和O2(g)发生反应依次转化为SO2(g)和SO3(g).反应过程和能量关系可用如图简单表示(图中的△H表示生成1mol产物的数据).

①写出表示S8燃烧热______的热化学方程式:______.②写出SO3分解生成SO2和O2的热化学方程式:______.

③若已知硫氧键(S=O)的键能为d kJ/mol,氧氧键(O=O)的键能为e kJ/mol,则S8分子中硫硫键(S-S)的键能为______.

答案

(1)当S2、S4时S2分子的体积分数最小,设S2质的量为X,S4物质的量为Y,

64X+128Y
X+Y
=72;得到X:Y=3:1,相同条件下气体物质的量之比等于体积之比物得到,该蒸气中S2分子的体积分数不小于75%,故答案为:75%;

(2)①依据图象分析1molO2和

1
8
molS8反应生成二氧化硫放热aKJ/mol,依据燃烧热的概念是1mol可燃物完全燃烧生成稳定氧化物放出的热量,根据概念先写出化学方程式,标注物质聚集状态,反应反应热,热化学方程式为:S8(s)+8O2(g)=8SO2(g)△H=-8aKJ/mol,故答案为:S8(s)+8O2(g)=8SO2(g)△H=-8aKJ/mol;

②依据图象分析结合反应能量变化,写出化学方程式,标注物质聚集状态和反应热,SO3分解生成SO2和O2的热化学方程式为:SO3(g)=SO2(g)+

1
2
O2(g)△H=bKJ/mol,

故答案为:SO3(g)=SO2(g)+

1
2
O2(g)△H=bKJ/mol;

③已知硫氧键(S=O)的键能为d kJ/mol,氧氧键(O=O)的键能为e kJ/mol,则S8分子中硫硫键(S-S)的键能;设S8分子中硫硫键键能为XKJ/mol;S8(s)+8O2(g)=8SO2(g)△H=-8aKJ/mol;依据反应热=反应物的键能总和-生成物的键能总和=8X+8e-16d=-8a,X=2d-a-e,

故答案为:(2d-a-e)KJ/mol.

单项选择题
阅读理解

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

It’s normal to wake briefly during the night.  小题1: But if you’re waking up during the night and having trouble falling back asleep, the following tips may help.

Stay out of your head. The key to getting back to sleep is continuing to prepare your body for sleep, so remain in bed in a relaxed position. Hard as it may be, try not to stress over the fact that you’re awake , because that very stress and anxiety encourage your body to stay awake. 小题2:

 小题3: If you are finding it hard to fall back asleep, try a relaxation technique such as visualization, deep breathing, or meditation, which can be done without even getting out of bed. Remind yourself that although they’re not a replacement for sleep, rest and relaxation still help refresh your body.

Do a quiet, non-stimulating activity. If you’ve been awake for more than 15 minutes, try getting out of bed and doing a quiet, non-stimulating activity, such as reading a book. Keep the lights dim so as not to think that it’s time to wake up.  小题4: A light snack might help relax you, but be careful not to eat so much that your body begins to expect a meal at that time of the day.

 小题5: If you wake during the night feeling anxious about something, make a brief note of it on paper and postpone worrying about it until the next day when you are fresh and it will be easier to resolve.

A.Make relaxation your goal, not sleep.

B.Put off worries and troubles.

C.Use a flashlight to go to the bathroom at night.

D.In fact, a good sleeper won’t even remember it .E. Also avoid screens of any kind —computers, TVs, cell phones, iPads.

F. You’ll be much more productive and creative after a good night’s rest.

G. A good way to stay out of your head is to focus on the feeling in your body.