问题 实验题

(13分)请完成以下两个小题。

(1)在“探究恒力做功与物体的动能改变量的关系”的实验中备有下列器材:A.打点计时器;B天平;C.秒表;D.低压交流电源;E.电池;F.纸带;G细线、砝码、小车、砝码盘; H.薄木板。

其中多余的的器材是           ;缺少的器材是                  

‚测量时间的工具是               ;测量质量的工具是              

ƒ如图所示是打点计时器打出的小车(质量为m)在恒力F作用下做匀加速直线运动的纸带,测量数据已用字母表示在图中,打点计时器的打点周期为T。请分析,利用这些数据能否验证动能定理?若不能,请说明理由;若能,请说出做法,并对这种做法做出评价。

(2)热敏电阻是传感电路中常用的电子元件,现在伏安法研究热敏电阻在不同温度下的伏安特性曲线,要求特性曲线尽可能完整。已知常温下待测热敏电阻的阻值约40Ω~50Ω。热敏电阻和温度计插入带塞的保温杯中,杯内有一定量的冷水,其他备用的仪表和器具有:盛有热水的水瓶(图中未画出)、电源(3V、内阻可忽略)、直流电流表(内阻约1)、直流电压表(内阻约5kΩ)、滑动变阻器(0~10)、开关、导线若干。

图中,a、b、c三条图线能反映出热敏电阻的伏安特性的曲线是         

‚在答题纸的虚线框中画出实验电路图(热敏电阻在虚线框中已画出),要求测量误差尽可能小。

ƒ根据电路图,在答题纸中的实物图上连线。

答案

(1)C、E(1分) 毫米刻度尺(1分) ‚打点计时器(1分) 天平(1分) ƒ见解析(2分)  (2)C(2分)    ‚见解析(2分)      ƒ见解析(3分)

(1)计算小车速度是利用打上点的纸带,故不需要秒表。打点计时器应使用低压交流电源,故多余的器材是C、E;

测量点与点之间的距离要用毫米刻度尺,故缺少的器材是毫米刻度尺。

‚测量时间的工具是打点计时器;测量质量的工具是天平。

ƒ能。从A到B的过程中,恒力做的功为WAB=FxAB 物体动能的变量为

只要验证即可

优点:A、B两点的距离较远,测量时的相对误羞较小;

缺点:只进行了一次测量验证,说服力不强。

(2)热敏电阻随温度的升高,阻值减小,而I-U图线中,任一点的,可见c正确。

‚热敏电阻约40Ω~50Ω。由电压表、电流表内阻知临界阻值,即热敏电阻属小电阻,应用“外接法”,因要描绘伏安特性曲线,电压从0开始连续变化。因此用滑动变阻器的“分压式”接法,电路图如图所示。

阅读理解与欣赏
阅读《出师表》中的两段文字,完成问题。
  【甲】臣本布衣,躬耕于南阳,苟全性命于乱世,不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙,猥自枉屈,三顾臣于草庐之中,咨臣以当世之事,由是感激,遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆,受任于败军之际,奉命于危难之间,尔来二十有一年矣。
  先帝知臣谨慎,故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来,夙夜忧叹,恐托付不效,以伤先帝之明,故五月渡泸,深入不毛。今南方已定,兵甲已足,当奖率三军,北定中原,庶竭驽钝,攘除 * * 凶,兴复汉室,还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益,进尽忠言,则攸之、祎、允之任也。
  【乙】亮躬耕陇亩,好为《梁父吟》。身长八尺,每自比于管仲、乐毅,时人莫之许也。惟博陵崔州平、颍川徐庶元直与亮友善,谓为信然。
  时先主屯新野。徐庶见先主,先主器之,谓先主曰:“诸葛孔明者,卧龙也, * * 岂愿见之乎?”先主曰:“君与俱来。”庶曰:“此人可就见,不可屈致也。 * * 宜枉驾顾之。”
  由是先主遂诣亮,凡三往,乃见。因屏人曰:“汉室倾颓, * * 臣窃命,主上蒙尘。孤不度德量力,欲信大义于天下;而智术浅短,遂用猖蹶,至于今日。然志犹未已,君谓计将安出?”
节选自《隆中对》
  【注】每:常常。信然:确实这样。先主:刘备。就见:到那里拜访。屈致:委屈(他)召(他上门)来。致,招致,引来。枉(wǎng):委屈。驾:车马,借车马指刘备。由是:因此。凡:总共。
1.下面哪一组句子中划线词的意义相同?(     )
A.臣布衣
   在冀州之南,河阳之北(《愚公移山》)
B.先帝不臣卑鄙
   则凡可得生者何不用也?《鱼我所欲也》)
C.当奖率三军,定中原
   叫嚣乎东西,隳突乎南(《捕蛇者说》)
D.还旧都
   欲有求我也。(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)
2.用现代汉语翻译乙文中的画线句。
   先主曰:“君与俱来。”
________________________________________________
   先主遂诣亮,凡三往,乃见。
________________________________________________
3.《出师表》能流传千古,原因之一是其言辞质朴,情真意切。请以“遂许先帝以驱驰”为例,结合选文内容作简要分析。
________________________________________________
4.针对文中加粗句有人提出了这样的看法:诸葛亮写《出师表》时刘备已经去世,那么,即使出师未果,也不会对“先帝之明”造成影响,所以诸葛亮的担心是多余的。对此,你有怎样的见解?
________________________________________________
完形填空
The day that I met my best friend for the first time, I was full of anxiety. I was trying to do some ______ for an important oral exam in the local library, but people kept ______ me. I was getting annoyed and of course, I wasn’t able to ______. Suddenly I heard someone singing behind me. I ______ and glared at the person who was singing. It was a tall girl about the same age as me.
She looked like a sensitive, friendly girl didn’t matter. If anything, it made me even angrier.” How could she be so selfish?” I thought ______.
I picked up my books, glared at her and whispered coldly, “Thanks to your ______, I’ve been unable to study. You’re so ______!”
I left the library in such a hurry, I left the most important textbook ______. when I got home two hours later, I found that textbook gone. I was so ______ that I almost cried. Just then, the phone rang. a gentle voice ______ the speaker as Jenny and asked if I was Jane. After ______ that I was, she said that she had noticed I’d left my book in the library and as my ______ was in it, she’d asked a librarian to get my phone number f. She said that she didn’t live far away and could bring it around for me if I needed it. 
I sighed with ______and agreed to meet her at the convenience store down the road. Of course you’ve ______ who Jenny was. She was the girl I had shouted at for singing in the library. When I recognized her in the convenience store, I was filled with ______ and apologized for my ruled behavior I felt so ______, but Jenny just laughed, saying she was glad to see that I’d also left my ______ in the library! I couldn’t help laughing at this and I invited her back to my apartment for a quick cup of tea. 
Ever since then we’ve been best friends and we got along really well. To be honest, I trust her more than any one else. I often think how ______ I am. If Jenny hadn’t been a kind person who was willing to ______ my shortcomings, I would ______ have experienced such true friendship.
小题1:
A.researchB.revisionC.workD.experiment
小题2:
A.watchingB.askingC.warningD.disturbing
小题3:
A.speakB.improveC.concentrateD.follow
小题4:
A.turned aroundB.turned downC.turned offD.turned over
小题5:
A.sadlyB.hopelesslyC.angrilyD.crazily
小题6:
A.practiceB.noiseC.attitudeD.existence
小题7:
A.selfishB.activeC.sensitiveD.stupid
小题8:
A.outB.aroundC.asideD.behind
小题9:
A.nervousB.carelessC.upsetD.forgetful
小题10:
A.introducedB.consideredC.tookD.remembered
小题11:
A.decidingB.conformingC.realizingD.thinking
小题12:
A.addressB.classC.writingD.name
小题13:
A.comfortB.reliefC.confidenceD.satisfaction
小题14:
A.recognizedB.foundC.guessedD.heard
小题15:
A.courageB.energyC.doubtD.shame
小题16:
A.worriedB.sorryC.terribleD.excited
小题17:
A.glareB.expressionC.virtueD.friendship
小题18:
A.considerateB.pleasedC.luckD.grateful
小题19:
A.overcomeB.shareC.hideD.forgive
小题20:
A.everB.neverC.seldomD.Fstill