问题 问答题 案例分析题

尼克·胡哲天生没有四肢,从小很自卑和孤独,随着他的成长在老师和父母的指导下,有了很大的成就。问题:请结合材料分析影响人身心发展的主要因素及其作用。

答案

参考答案:

本题应先对影响青少年成长的因素做出说明,然后再结合具体案例进行分析。

(1)人的身心发展受到遗传素质、成熟程度、环境、学校教育和个体实践活动的影响。这五个方面的因素相互联系、相互交织,共同作用于个体的发展。

(2)人的机体的成熟程度制约着身心发展的程度和特点,它为一定年龄阶段身心特点的出现提供了可能和限制。

(3)遗传素质是人的身心发展的自然条件和物质前提,为个体的身心发展提供了可能性。

(4)环境为个体的发展提供了多种可能,包括机遇、条件和对象。

(5)教育在人的发展中起着主导作用,具有加速个体发展的特殊功能。

(6)人的主观能动性从综合的意义上把主体亏客体、个体与社会、人的内部世界与外部世界联系起来,成为推动人本身发展的决定性因素。

(7)结合本案例进行具体分析。尼克·胡哲生来没有四肢,先天条件有缺陷,早期的自卑和孤独也显示个体的主观能动性不够。但后来还是在老师和父母的指导下,取得了很大的成就。这说明环境、教育和成熟因素发挥了主导性的作用。在分析这一问题时,要注意说明各因素间的相互作用以及内因和外因的关系。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     One of my best days at school was a field trip to the seaside. Field trips are very common in the UK. Most schools take their students on geography field trips. Teachers usually take the students somewhere

they can do a scientific experiment (试验). Popular trips are to woodland areas and the seaside.

     My school trip to the seaside was with my biology class. We were allowed to wear home clothes

instead of our school uniforms. When we got to the seaside, we were put into groups. Each group was

asked to find a different sea creature (生物) in the water in the rocks, which we call rock pools.

     My group had to find little crabs (螃蟹). We had to catch them and then find the names of the crabs

in our science books. When my friend Ella picked up a larger crab, it hurt her with its claw (钳子) and

she started crying. After that, she didn’t want to catch the crabs, so she was moved into another group.

     For lunch, we sat in the sun on the rocks and ate sandwiches. After lunch, we went back to school

where we wrote down everything we had found out that day. I remembered feeling sad that we could

not take back the crabs we had found. We had to put them back in their rock pool.

1. In the UK, field trips are            .

A. enough    

B. common    

C. different    

D. unusual

2. My school trip to the seaside was with my          class.

A. biology    

B. geography    

C. physics    

D. chemistry

3. Why was Ella moved to another group?  

A. Because she often cried loudly.

B. Because she was interested in fish.

C. Because the crab hurt her with its claw.

D. Because the group members were not friendly.

4. At the end of the trip we felt sad because          .    

A. we went back to school late

B. we could not take back the crabs we had found

C. we sat on the rocks eating sandwiches

D. we didn’t want to write down everything we saw

单项选择题