问题 材料题

阅读下列材料:

材料一:大和的世袭大贵族占有大量土地、奴隶以及地位近似奴隶的部民,权势极大。6世纪末7世纪初,部民反抗不断;地方贵族反抗中央贵族,中央贵族之间争权夺势;强大的中央贵族权倾朝野。中国唐朝的统一和兴盛,朝鲜半岛上新罗国家的崛起,强烈刺激着大和统治者,646年孝德天皇颁布诏书挽救统治危机。

材料二:6世纪末7世纪初,阿拉伯半岛大部分地区尚未形成统一的国家。争夺水源和牧场,部落间相互仇杀。在内部矛盾丛生、商路不畅,引起商业衰落、生产停滞和外部势力入侵。在这种情况下,阿拉伯人民渴望建立统一的国家。

请回答:

(1)材料一中“大和”民族统一日本是什么时间?结合材料一中的内容,说一说大和统治者是怎样挽救这些危机的?

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(2)材料二中的这种状况,导致了哪一宗教的诞生?请说出这一宗教的创始人?并说出此宗教在发展     和传播过程中的重大历史事件(两件即可)。

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(3)通过两则材料的阅读,说一说哪些因素的存在会对国家的建立和发展起到阻碍作用?(两项即可)

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答案

(1)公元5世纪。大和统治者孝德天皇进行了大化改新,建立了中央集权的天皇制封建国家,使日本从奴隶社会开始向封建社会过渡。

(2)伊斯兰教。穆罕默德。622年出走麦地那,在那里建立政教合一的国家;630年兵临麦加,迫使麦加贵族承认他为政治和宗教领袖地位。(符合题意即可)

(3)阶级矛盾的激化;中央贵族权力的扩大;外族的入侵。(符合题意均可)

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     While my friends went away to their universities in great delight, I restarted my senior high school life.
My spirits   1     at the prospect of starting all over again.
        2    by strange classmates, I felt as though I were in a maze and felt    3    for myself. There were
some complex feelings in my mind. I was frightened,nervous and lonely.
     To make   4     worse, I recalled my failure again and again, which put more pressure on me  than I
could   5     . As a result, I was always feeling   6     during class.
     One of my teachers noticed my depression and one day he asked me to go to his office, where he
told me about his   7     towards life. He said," We might   8     from making mistakes, but it's important
to model ourselves into people we   9     . All the growing   10     and the embarrassing things we   11    
are parts of the process. We never stop   12    , so learn from it and keep up your spirits!If you are
optimistic, things you want may   13     to you!"    14    feelings rushed through me. I   15     saw the sun
shining again when I stepped out of his office.
     With the teacher's help, I finally    16    my depression. From then on, I no longer   17     my head
but began smiling at my classmates. I put up my hand    18    in class and tried to answer teachers'
questions correctly.
     I    19    have a thirst to go to my dream university,   20    now, I'm not afraid of  failure because I
can benefit from it.
( )1.   A.sank          
( )2.   A.Hit          
( )3.   A.unlucky      
( )4.   A.scores        
( )5.   A.bear          
( )6.   A.high          
( )7.   A.way          
( )8.   A.learn        
( )9.   A.reach        
( )10. A.aches        
( )11. A.feel          
( )12. A.standing up  
( )13. A.refer        
( )14. A.Warm          
( )15. A.suddenly      
( )16. A.got on        
( )17. A.buried        
( )18. A.freely        
( )19. A.even          
( )20. A.otherwise    
B. failed        
B. Surrounded    
B. angry        
B. studies      
B. hope          
B. down          
B. method        
B. suffer        
B. enjoy        
B. pains        
B. experience    
B. growing up    
B. turn          
B. Thoughtful    
B. generally    
B. got over      
B. shook        
B. hopefully    
B. ever          
B. or            
C. disappointed    
C. Struck          
C. sorry          
C. feelings        
C. need            
C. lonely          
C. measure        
C. hear            
C. like            
C. joys            
C. taste          
C. going up        
C. stick          
C. Cool            
C. naturally      
C. got off        
C. bowed          
C. quickly        
C. still          
C. but            
D. ran              
D. Loved            
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D. matters          
D. believe          
D. happy            
D. attitude          
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D. injuries          
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D. bringing up      
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D. Regretful        
D. sadly            
D. got out          
D. nodded            
D. confidently      
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