问题 材料题

阅读下列材料:

材料一:凡田,六年一班,神田、寺田不在此限。若以身死,应退田者,每至班年,即重收授。

材料二:农民必须向国家交谷(租);农民必须给国家服劳役(庸)或纳布代役;农民必须向国家交土产品(调)。男子还必须服兵役,兵器本人自备,军权归属中央。  

请回答:

(1)材料一和材料二是什么改革的规定?请各用一句话来概括这两项内容。

                                                                         

(2)这是哪个国家进行的改革?时间是在何时,当时的改革者是谁?

                                                                              

(3)此次改革的内容还有哪些?请你列举出来。

                                                                                

(4)此次改革是效法哪个国家的制度?改革有何意义?从这次改革中你能得到哪些启示?

                                                                              

答案

(1)大化改新。材料一是实行班田收授法;材料二是实行租庸调制。

(2)日本。646年,孝德天皇。

(3)实行中央集权,废除世袭制度,中央和地方设置官僚机构进行治理等。

(4)效法中国隋唐的政治经济制度。使日本由奴隶社会过渡到封建社会。启示:改革是发展的动力,我们要积极学习外国的长处,学习外国先进的科学技术和管理经验,国家才会国富民强。

阅读理解

阅读理解

       Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didn't have modern machines.  

There was no modern medicine, either.      

       Life today has brought new problems.One of the biggest is pollution  (污染 ) . Water  pollution has

made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking  water.  Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air pollution  is the most serious kind of pollution.  It's bad to

all living things in the world.       

       Cars,  planes and factories all pollute our air every day. Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it

is like a quilt over a city.  This kind of quilt is called smog (烟雾).       

       Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.  Factories must now clean their water before it is

thrown away. They mustn't blow dirty smoke into the air.      

       We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and not  throw it on the

ground.  We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car.  If  there are fewer people driving, there will be less pollution.

( )1. Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today because there was much pollution at

that time.                                                

( )2. Pollution is one of the biggest problems in today's life. 

( )3. Water pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because it's bad to all living things in the

world.      

( )4. Factories have to clean their water after it is thrown away.   

( )5. People can do a Iot of things to fight pollution.             

多项选择题