问题 问答题

硫及其化合物在自然界中广泛存在,运用相关

原理回答下列问题:

(1)如图表示一定温度下,向体积为10L的密闭容器中充入1molO2和一定量的SO2后,SO2和SO3(g)的浓度随时间变化的情况。

①该温度下,从反应开始至平衡时氧气的平均反应速率是      

②该温度下,反应2SO2(g)+O2(g) 2SO3(g)的平衡常数为              

(2)以黄铜矿(主要成分CuFeS2)为原料,经焙烧、熔炼等使铁元素及其他有关杂质进入炉渣,将铜元素还原为铜。发生的主要反应为:

2Cu2S(s)+3O2(g) = 2Cu2O(s)+2SO2(g) △H ="-768.2" kJ·mol-1

2Cu2O(s)+ Cu2S (s) = 6Cu(s)+SO2(g) △H ="+116.0" kJ·mol-1

①“焙烧”时,通入少量空气使黄铜矿部分脱硫生成焙砂(主要成分是Cu2S和FeS,其物质的量比为1:2)和SO2,该反应的化学方程式为:              

②在熔炼中,Cu2S与等物质的量的O2反应生成Cu的热化学方程式为:      

(3)用电解的方法将硫化钠溶液氧化为多硫化物的研究具有重要的实际意义,将硫化物转变为多硫化物是电解法处理硫化氢废气的一个重要内容。

如图,是电解产生多硫化物的实验装置:

①已知阳极的反应为:(x+1)S2=SxS2+2xe,则阴极的电极反应式是:                  

当反应转移xmol电子时,产生的气体体积为        (标准状况下)。

②将Na2S·9H2O溶于水中配制硫化物溶液时,通常是在氮气气氛下溶解。其原因是(用离子反应方程式表示):             

答案

(14分,每空2分)

(1)①9×10-3mol•L‾1•min‾1  ②8.1×103 L•mol‾1

(2)①2CuFeS2 + O2Cu2S+ 2FeS+ SO2

②Cu2S(s) + O2(g) =" 2Cu(s)" + SO2(g) △H ="-217.4" kJ·mol-1

(3)①2H2O+2e=2OH+H2 11.2x L

②2S2+O2+2H2O=2S↓+4OH- 

题目分析:

(1)①根据速率计算公式,可以求出速率为9×10-3mol•L‾1•min‾1; ② K=C2(SO3)/C2(SO2)*C(O2)= 8.1×103 L•mol‾1;

(2)①根据题目信息“焙烧”时,通入少量空气使黄铜矿部分脱硫生成焙砂(主要成分是Cu2S和FeS,其物质的量比为1:2)和SO2,所以确定出反应物为CuFeS2 + O2产物应该是Cu2S+ 2FeS+ SO2且要满足2:1,然后据原子守恒可求得。

②Cu2S与等物质的量的O2反应生成Cu很显然这是个氧化还原反应,根据化合价有升有降和盖斯定律可以得出热化学方程式为Cu2S(s) + O2(g) =" 2Cu(s)" + SO2(g) △H ="-217.4" kJ·mol-1。

(3)①由于溶液中的在阳极得电子的离子只能是阳离子且阳离子只有Na+和H+,所以只能有H+得电子,考虑到是碱性电解质溶液,所以反应式为2H2O+2e=2OH+H2;根据电子守恒,当有当反应转移xmol电子时,产生的气体物质的量为x/2mol,所以其体积为11.2x L。②由于S2-有强的还原性易被空气中氧气氧化,再考虑到硫化钠溶液呈碱性,所以其离子方程式为2S2+O2+2H2O=2S↓+4OH- 

阅读理解

It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are possessive and dominant; that they do not trust their children to deal with problems; that they talk too much about certain problems—and that they have no sense of humor, at least in parent—child relationships. I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young.

Young people often make their parents angry at their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture and society of their own. Then, if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles make their parents angry, this gives them extra enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste.    

Sometimes you are resistant, and proud because you do not want your parents to agree what you do. If they agree, it looks as if you are betraying your own age group. But in that case, you are supposing that you are the underdog; you cannot win but at least you keep your honor. This is a passive way of looking at things. It is natural enough after long years of childhood, when you were completely under your parents' contro1. But it ignores the fact that you are now beginning to be responsible for yourself. If you plan to control your life, cooperation can be part of that plan. You can attract others, especially your parents, into doing things the way you want. You can impress others with your sense of responsibility, so that they will let you choose what you want to do.  

小题1:The first paragraph is mainly about_________.

A.the teenagers' criticism of their parents

B.misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents

C.the control of the parents over their children

D.the teenagers' ability to deal will problems小题2:Teenagers tend to have strange clothes and hairstyles mainly because they________.

A.want to show their existence by creating a culture of their own

B.have a strong desire to be leaders in style and taste

C.have no other way to enjoy themselves better

D.want to make their Parents angry小题3:Teenagers do not want their parents to agree whatever they do because they_______.

A.have already been accepted into the adult world

B.feel that they are superior to the adults

C.are not likely to win over the adults

D.have a desire to be independent小题4:To improve parent—child relationships,teenagers are advised to be_________.

A.attractive

B.positive

C.cooperative

D.productive

单项选择题