问题 问答题

.1916年,爱因斯坦指出,光子不仅具有能量,而且像实物粒子一样具有大小为的动量.类H原子能级可用如下公式来描述:

,其中Z为原子序数.

(1) H原子基态和第一激发态的能量各为多少电子伏特?

(2)为使处于基态H原子进入激发态,入射光子所需的最小能量为多少?

(3) H原子从第一激发态跃迁回基态时,如果考虑到原子的反冲,辐射光子的频率与不考虑原子的反冲相比,是增大还是减小?求它所发射的光子波长的相对变化

(已知电子电荷取1. 60×10-19C,质子和中子质量均取1. 67×10-27kg,计算中可采用合理的近似)

 

答案

(1)-3.4eV

(2)10.2eV   (3)减小

:(1)类H原子能级表达式为,其中Z=1

基态和第一激发态分别对应n=l,n=2.则

基态 

第一激发态 

(2)使H原子进入第一激发态的入射光子最小能量为

(3)减小.

不计H原子反冲时,辐射的光子频率为

考虑H原子反冲时,设反冲的动能为,辐射的

光子为,由能量守恒得

可见辐射光子的频率降低了,能量减小了.

由动量守恒得,

波长的相对变化为

         

因为>>h>>h() 

所以 

完形填空
完形填空。
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