问题 填空题

氮及其化合物与人类各方面有着密切的联系。Ⅰ现有一支15mL的试管,充满NO倒置于水槽中,向试管中缓缓通入一定量氧气,当试管内液面稳定时,剩余气体3mL。则通入氧气的体积可能为                mL。

Ⅱ目前,消除氮氧化物污染有多种方法。

(1)用CH4催化还原氮氧化物可以消除氮氧化物的污染。已知:

①CH4(g)+4NO2(g)= 4NO(g)+CO2(g)+2H2O(g) △H="-574kJ/mol"

②CH4(g)+4NO(g)= 2N2(g)+CO2(g)+2H2O(g) △H="-1160kJ/mol"

③H2O(g)= H2O(l)                     △H=-44kJ/mol

写出CH4(g)与NO2(g)反应生成N2(g) 、CO2(g)和H2O(l)的热化学方程式                             

(2)用活性炭还原法处理氮氧化物,有关反应为:

某研究小组向恒容密闭容器加入一定量的活性炭和NO,恒温(T0C)条件下反应,反应进行到不同时间测得各物质的浓度如下:

①不能作为判断反应达到化学平衡状态的依据是_______ ;(选填字母代号)

A.容器内CO2的浓度保持不变

B.v(N2)="2" v(NO)

C.容器内压强保持不变

D.混合气体的密度保持不变

E.混合气体的平均相对分子质量保持不变

②前20分钟,平均反应速率v(NO)=                      。v(NO)=(0.1- 0.04)/ 20 = 0.003mol·L-1· min-1

③在T0C时,该反应的平衡常数为_______(保留两位小数);

④在30 min,改变某一条件反应重新达到平衡,则改变的条件是_______                      

(3)科学家正在研究利用催化技术将超音速飞机尾气中的NO和CO转变成CO2和N2,其反应为:

研究表明:在使用等质量催化剂时,增大催化剂的比表面积可提高化学反应速率。为了分别验证温度、催化剂的比表面积对化学反应速率的影响规律,某同学设计了三组实验,部分实验条件已经填在下表中。

实验编号T(0C)NO初始浓度

(mol/L)

CO初始浓度

(mol/L)

催化剂的比

表面积(m2/g)

2801.20×10-35.80×10-382
abc124
350de124
 

上表中:a=_______,b=________,e=________ 。

答案

Ⅰ:9ml或14.25ml

Ⅱ:(1) CH4(g)+2NO2(g)= N2(g)+CO2(g)+2H2O(l)  △H="-955" kJ/mol

(2)①BC ②0.003mol·L-1· min-1 ③0.56 ④减小CO2 的浓度

(3)a=280℃  b= 1.20×10-3  e=5.80×10-3

题目分析:(Ⅰ)往充满NO的试管中充入氧气并倒扣在水槽,发生的反应是4NO + 3O2 +2H2O = 4HNO3,最终剩余的气体可能是NO或O2;所以设氧气体积总共为X,

则①剩余氧气3ml时,4NO + 3O2 +2H2O = 4HNO3      ②剩余NO 3ml时,4NO + 3O2 +2H2O = 4HNO3 

4:   3                         4 :3     

15ml    X                                   15ml   X

X="15×3/4" + 3 =14.25ml                          X=(15-3)×3/4  =9ml

(Ⅱ) (1) 据已知方程式可知目标方程式可以由方程式(①+②+③×4)÷2 得

CH4(g)+2NO2(g)= N2(g)+CO2(g)+2H2O(l),而△H=(△H1+△H2+4×△H3)÷2=" -955" kJ/mol

(2)在反应C(s)+2NO(g)= N2(g)+CO2(g)中,要判断是否达到平衡,要找变量,变量不变则达到平衡。容器内CO2的浓度是变量,保持不变时说明达到平衡,A正确;v(N2)="2" v(NO)表示的都是正反应的速率关系,不能说明正逆反应速率相等,所以不能判断平衡,B错误;反应方程式的前后系数相等,所以容器内压强随着反应保持不变,所以不能判断平衡,C错误;密闭容器是恒容,容器内总质量不变,但由于有固体参加,混合气体的质量是个变量,据ρ=m/V知,当气体质量不变时,混合气体的密度保持不变,此时反应达到平衡,D正确; 同样混合气体的质量是个变量,据M=m/n知,M也是个变量,当M保持不变时达到平衡,E正确。故选BC。

(3)v(NO)=(0.1- 0.04)mol·L-1/ 20min = 0.003mol·L-1· min-1

据表格数据可知,当反应达到20min时,各物质浓度不再变化反应达到第一次平衡,平衡常数

K=C(N2)·C(CO2)/ C2(NO)=0.032/0.042 =0.56 ;反应在40min时,各物质浓度发生变化,且C(CO2)浓度减小最多,平衡往正反应方向移动,所以改变的条件是减小CO2 的浓度。

(4)实验要验证的是温度、催化剂的比表面积对化学反应速率的影响规律,所以对比试验要控制变量,所以a=280℃  b= 1.20×10-3  e=5.80×10-3

单项选择题

In 1998 consumers could purchase virtually anything over the Internet. Books, compact discs, and even stocks were (1) from World Wide Websites that seemed to (2) almost daily a few years earlier, some people had predicted that consuners accustomed to shopping in stores would be (3) to buy things that they could not see or touch (4) . For a growing number of time-starved consumers, however, shopping from their home computer was proving to be a convenient (5) to driving to the store.

A research estimated that in 1998 US consumers could purchase $ 7.3 billion of goods over the Internet, double the 1997 total. Finding a bargain was getting easier, (6) the rise of online auctions and Websites that did comparison shopping on the Internet for the best (7) .

For all the consumer interest, (8) in eyberspaee was still a largely (9) business, however. Internet pioneer Amazon. eom, which began selling books in 1995 and later (10) into recorded music and videos, posted (11) of $ 153.7 million in the third quarter, up from $ 37.9 million in the same period of 1997. Overall, (12) , the company’ s loss widened to $ 45.2 million from $9.6 million, and analysts did not expect the company to turn a profit (13) 2001. (14) the great loss, Amazon. tom had a stock market value of many billions, reflecting investors’ (15) about the future of the industry.

Internet retailing appealed (16) investors because it provided an efficient means for reaching millions of consumers without having the cost of operating (17) stores with their armies of salespeople. Selling online carried its own risks, however, (18) so many companies competing tor consumers’ attention, price competition was (19) and profit (20) thin or nonexistent.

16()

A.to

B.for

C.about

D.towards

单项选择题