问题 综合题

阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一:在(公元)1500年以前,阿拉伯和意大利商人在亚欧大陆上从一个地区运货到另一个地区,而货物主要是奢侈品、香料、丝绸、宝石及香水。但是到18世纪后期新世界的种植场生产的大量砂糖、咖啡及棉花等大部分运往欧洲出售;西班牙人也向新世界引进欧洲各种水果,如橄榄以及葡萄。美洲的特产也被流向世界各地,如玉米、马铃薯、西红柿、番薯、花生、各种豆类及南瓜、可可等。

——吴于廑、齐世荣主编《世界史·近代史》

材料二:19世纪晚期起,资本主义列强在领土扩张的同时,凭借着雄厚的经济实力,从经济上加紧掠夺、控制落后国家和地区。列强用资本输出,牢牢地控制了落后国家的经济命脉,榨取了大量的财富。通过掠夺性的国际贸易,殖民地和半殖民地进一步成为资本主义国家的商品销售市场和原料产地。资本输出,掠夺性贸易。再加上海陆交通和通讯事业的大发展,最终摧毁了一切落后国家和民族的堡垒,瓦解了它们的传统自然经济,从而把所有国家和地区都纳入了资本主义世界经济的轨道。

­­­­­­­  ——人教版《世界近现代史》上册教学参考书

材料三:工业革命催化了国际分工,资本以其魔力无穷的巨掌将全世界卷入商品流通的大潮中,使一切国家的生产与消费成为世界性的,过去那种地方和民族的自己自主的闭关自守状态,被各民族的各方面的互相往来和各方面的互相依赖所代替了。

——《 * * 党宣言》

请回答:

(1)材料一中的现象产生的原因有哪些? (3分)

(2)根据材料二分析资本主义殖民扩张的主要影响有哪些? (7分)

(3)根据材料三和所学知识,分析工业革命是怎样促进世界市场形成的?世界市场的形成产生了哪些影响?(6分)

答案

(1)主要原因是:地理大发现(新航路的开辟);殖民扩张;世界市场的发展。(3分)

(2)对殖民国家而言:从殖民地掠夺了大量的财富,转化为资本,欧洲资本主义发展。(3分)

对殖民地而言:①亚非拉长期遭受西方发达国家的控制奴役,殖民主义是灾难和祸害,造成了亚非拉地区的落后。②殖民主义瓦解了亚非拉传统自然经济,客观上促进了殖民地历史的发展和进步。(4分)

(3)促进:工业革命使资本主义生产迅速提高,为世界市场的形成准备了物质基础;

资本在世界范围内流动;各民族往来频繁和相互依赖的加强。(3分)

影响:促进了世界各国社会生产力的蓬勃发展;加强了世界各国社会经济的相互联系,导致世界资本主义体系的形成。(3分)

本题主要考查新航路的开辟和殖民扩张的理解。

第(1)问,根据材料结合所学知识即可。

第(2)问,根据材料结合殖民扩张带来的影响回答即可。

第(3)问,根据材料,在对材料信息整合、归纳的基础上回答即可。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Who is your role model? Normally the answer to this question would be anyone around you who you find truly inspiring. It could also be someone like J. K. Rowling or Martin Luther King. Jr. , who have proven to be strong and intelligent people.

However, in today’s world, stars are regarded as role models along with the heroes listed above, despite their intentions or actions. Teens attempt to imitate their actions for two major reasons. Firstly, to be fashionable and accepted by popular culture, and secondly because stars’ actions are so well documented by the media that it seems to grab our attention and turns it to following stars’ lives. Much of the reports about stars is shocking and exhibits bad morals or lifestyles that aren’t right for teenagers. In addition, almost everything stars do is described beyond truth to make a shocking story by taking it to the next level.

However, teens must take responsibility for their actions. We can’t always blame stars for influencing us. Only you have control over yourself and only you choose to do something. Our bodies and actions are in the hands of no one else.

Now, who ever said stars are role models? Whether they choose to be or not, stars set examples as soon as they step into the spotlight. With reporters following and recording every move they make, it is impossible not to be watched and then be imitated. These people influence teens whether or not they want to. Why should someone who doesn’t want to be setting an example set one? So,should we look up to them or to people who are true and good role models? It’s our responsibility as teens to know right from wrong, and it’s time for us to take responsibility for our actions. In doing so,we will lean toward those inspiring people that want to be setting an example, and follow in their steps to be like them.

小题1:According to the first paragraph, _______ can usually be role models.

A.political leaders

B.wealthy writers

C.people inspiring others

D.people with great intelligence小题2:What are the major reasons for the teens to imitate stars?

A.Interest in stars’ life and expectation of getting rich.

B.Motivation for being fashionable and inspiration from popular examples.

C.Intentions to gain acceptance and encouragement from stars’ lifestyle.

D.Desires to be stylish and great influence from the mass media.小题3:The author writes the passage mainly to advise the teenagers to _______.

A.have a control over their own bodies and actions

B.be responsible for their own choices and behaviors

C.follow fashionable stars’ steps to be more popular

D.choose right role models according to different reports小题4:It can be inferred from the passage that _______.

A.stars have the responsibility for teenagers’ actions

B.not all famous stars choose to influence teenagers

C.teenagers choose those inspiring people as their role models

D.stars set examples immediately they stepped into the spotlight