问题 问答题

在光滑曲面上h=0.8m的某处,有一个质量为1kg的小球A从静止开始滑行,曲面下端与一足够长的粗糙水平面在Q点连接(A通过Q点不损失机械能),Q点正前面S=2.4m处P点有一静止的小球B,B的质量是A的3倍,当A与B发生碰撞后,在极短时间内结合在一起,已知小球A、B与粗糙水平面的动摩擦因数均为μ=0.25,不计空气阻力,取g=10m/s2,求:

(1)A与B发生碰撞前一瞬间A的速度大小?

(2)碰撞前后,A与B构成的系统机械能损失是多少?

(3)AB停止处距P点多远?

答案

(1)设A与B相碰前的速度为vA,由动能定理得:

  

1
2
mA
v2A
=mAgh-μmAgS            

代入解得:vA=2m/s      

(2)A、B碰撞,设二者相碰后共同运动的速度为v,

由动量守恒,可得:

 mAvA=(mA+mB)v              

解得:v=0.5m/s

系统机械能损失△E=

1
2
mA
v2A
-
1
2
(mA+mB)v2              

代入数据,解得:△E=1.5J 

(3)A、B碰撞后,以一个整体AB以初速度 向左滑行,设其停止处距离P点S′,

由能量转化与守恒(或动能定理),得:

 

1
2
(mA+mB)v2=μ(mA+mB)gS′

解得S′=0.05m

答:(1)A与B发生碰撞前一瞬间A的速度大小是2m/s

(2)碰撞前后,A与B构成的系统机械能损失是1.5J 

(3)AB停止处距P点0.05m.

选择题
阅读下列短文,根据短文中的信息完成文后表格。(每空一词)
Do you want to travel to the countries in Asia? You don’t have to travel very far. Follow us, you can find these Asian adventures(探险).
Cycling in Guilin, China
Get around the city by cycling through Guilin, in the Guangxi province of China. Mountains rise straight up, creating the only beauty. Bike paths take you past the villages and farms. Enjoy the beautiful natural views from your bike, or stop and talk with one of the villagers working in his field.
Adventure advice: When your feet are tired, take a boat trip along the beautiful and famous Li River.
White-water rafting in Nepal
In Nepal, you can experience thrilling rapids(湍流) and the beautiful views of the Himalayas at the same time. Take a white-water rafting trip down the Sun Koki River, world-renowned for its powerful rapids. At night you'll camp beside the river on white water, enjoy the quiet, lonely Nepalese countryside.
Adventure advice: Don’t go rafting in summer. High water levels make it dangerous.
Scuba diving in Malaysia
Go diving in the clear waters around Spaded, an island in Malaysia, and discover an underwater world. You'll see large sea animals swimming along. The colorful coral along the reefs hides tiny fish. The wide kind of tropical life found around Spaded makes it famous worldwide for diving.
Adventure advice: You can dive at Spaded, but you can't sleep there. The island is a protected park, but you can stay on one of the nearby islands.
Three小题1:  Adventures
Countries
Adventures
 小题2:  
 小题3:  
You can小题4:  a bike to travel around Guilin and enjoy the beautiful natural views.
 小题5:  a boat trip along Li River when your feet are tired.
 
Nepal
★You can bothexperience thrilling rapids and enjoy the   小题6:  of the Himalayas.
★Take a white-water rafting trip down the Sun Koki River
★At night you can go  小题7:   beside the river.
 
Go rafting in all seasons   小题8: summer.
Malaysia
You can go scuba diving in the clear waters around Spaded, which is    小题9:  for diving.
Dive but never  小题10:   there.
填空题