问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

女性,78岁。主动脉瓣关闭不全,该患者查体不存在的体征是()

A.胸骨左缘第2肋间连续性杂音

B.抬举样心尖搏动

C.水冲脉

D.枪击音

E.点头运动

答案

参考答案:A

解析:主动脉瓣关闭不全心脏听诊:主动脉瓣区舒张期杂音,为高调递减型叹气样杂音,坐位前倾呼气末时明显。最响区域取决于有无显著的升主动脉扩张;风湿性者主动脉扩张较轻,在胸骨左缘第3肋间最响,可沿胸骨缘下传至心尖区;马方综合征或梅毒性心脏病所致者,由于升主动脉或主动脉瓣环可有高度扩张,故杂音在胸骨右缘第2肋间最响。一般主动脉瓣关闭不全越严重,杂音所占的时间越长,响度越大。轻度关闭不全者,此杂音柔和,仅出现于舒张早期,只在患者取坐位前倾、呼气末才能听到;较重的关闭不全时,杂音可为全舒张期且粗糙;在重度或急性主动脉瓣关闭不全时,由于左心室舒张末期压力增高至与主动脉舒张压相等,故杂音持续时间反而缩短。如杂音带音乐性质,常提示瓣膜的一部分翻转、撕裂或穿孔。主动脉夹层分离有时也出现音乐性杂音,可能是由于舒张期近端主动脉内膜通过主动脉瓣向心室脱垂或中层主动脉管腔内血液流动之故。

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