问题 阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Attitude is one of the most important factors in determining success for all people. Successful people have

one thing in common-an expectant (期待的) attitude of success. Most people begin each morning in neutral

and react to events of the day. You can be one of the successful people in life by starting each day with a

positive attitude, a gratitude for the opportunities you have, and an expectancy (期待) of the best for yourself.

     People tend to live up to expectations. We get out of life just about what we put into it. Our environment

becomes a mirror of our spirit, our attitude, and expectations. If we set a great goal, we get great results. If

we have a fair goal, we accomplish fair results, and if we have a poor goal, we accomplish poor results. The

world will give you back what you expect, so expect the very best. Don't be defensive or doubtful. Nothing

changes unless you do. Before you can do something, you've got to be something. Know that you have worth

and value. Show that to the world.

     Treat everyone you come in contact with as the most important person in life. It will build self-esteem (自

尊心). Smile! You'll be rewarded with a returned smile. Don't react to others rudely. Forgive everyone who

ever hurt you. Then, forgive yourself. Keep yourself healthy. Exercise. Eat a proper diet. Display an attitude

of confidence.

     Develop these good habits and your expectancy will be rewarded by successes. This attitude will put you

into that group of people who are truly successful, because you will know and understand how an expectant

attitude enhances (提高) every aspect of your life.

1. According to the author, we are likely to achieve success if we _____.

A. take a positive attitude

B. hold on to our dreams

C. have a good opportunity

D. show gratitude every day

2. We learn from Paragraph 2 that _____.

A. success mainly depends on your efforts

B. our environment reflects what we think

C. the greater our goal, the better results we will get

D. it is our determination that decides our future

3. Paragraph 3 tells us that _____.

A. building self-esteem is important

B. we should treat everyone else fairly

C. if treated kindly, others are friendly

D. it makes good sense to forgive others

4. The author's purpose of writing the text is to _____.

A. share his view point about life

B. offer advice on confidence building

C. suggest some ways to acquire success

D. stress the importance of positive attitude

答案

1-4: ACCD

选择题
单项选择题

阅读下面的文字,完成1〜3题

殷墟甲骨文是商代晚期在龟甲兽骨上的文字,是商王室及其他贵族利用龟甲兽骨占卜吉凶时写刻的卜辞和与占卜有关的记事文字,殷墟甲骨文的发现对中国学术界产生了巨大而深远的影响。

甲骨文的发现证实了商王朝的存着。历史上,系统讲述商史的是司马迁的《史记殷本纪》,但此书撰写的时代距商代较远,即使公认保留了较多商人语言的《尚书盘庚》篇,其中亦多杂有西周时的词语,显然是被改造过的文章。因此,胡适曾主张古史作为研究对象,可“缩短二三千年,从诗三百篇做起”。从甲骨文的发现,将商人亲手书写、契刻的文字展现在学者面前,使商史与传说时代分离而进入历史时代。特别是1917年王国维写了《殷卜辞中所见先公先王考》及《续考》,证明《史记殷本纪》与《世本》所载殷王世系几乎皆可由卜辞资料印证,是基本可靠的。论文无可辩驳地证明《殷本纪》所载的商王朝是确实存在的。

甲骨文的发现也使《史记》之类的历史文献中有关中国古史记载的可信性增强。因为这一发现促使史学家们想到,既然《殷本纪》中的商王世系基本可信,司马迁的《史记》也确如刘向、扬雄所言是一部“实录”,那么司马迁在《史记夏本纪》中所记录的夏王朝与夏王世系恐怕也不是向壁虚构,特别是在20世纪20年代疑古思潮流行时期,甲骨文资料证实了《殷本纪》与《世本》的可靠程度,也使历史学家开始摆脱困惑,对古典文献的可靠性恢复了信心。

甲骨文的发现同时引发了震撼中外学术界的殷墟发掘。“五四运动”促使中国的历史学界发生了两大变化:一是提倡实事求是的科学态度,古史辩派对一切经不住史证的旧史学的无情批判,使人痛感中国古史上科学的考古资料的极端贫乏;二是历史唯物主义在史学界产生了巨大影响,1925年王国维在清华国学研究院讲授《古史新证》,力倡“二重证据法”,亦使中国历史学研究者开始往重地下出土的新材料。这些历史因素对近代考古学在中国的星期具有催生作用。1928年秋,当时的中央研究院历史语言研究所开始发掘殷墟,其最初的目的乃是继续寻找甲骨。而第二次发掘时,已从主要寻找甲骨编程了对整个遗址所有遗存的科学发掘。

甲骨文的发现还大大加速了对传统的中国文字学的改造。汉代以后中国的文字学家崇尚许慎的《说文解字》,传统的文字学主要是《说文》学;但由于北宋以来金石学的发展,特别是对金文的研究,已不断地用商周古文字对《说文》的文字学进行补充。到了清代,对金石学的研究进一步深入,使《说文》的权威性受到了极大的冲击。甲骨文的发现提供了汉字的早期形式,其构成离小篆甚远,多有象形、会意文字,令当时学者眼界大开。《说文》以小篆为本解释字源的理论难以维持,自此中国文字学就进入了一个新的时期。

下列理解和分析,不符合原文意思的一项是()

A.在20世纪20年代疑古思潮流行时期,一些历史学家对《世本》的可靠性将信将疑,认为其中记载的一些内容恐怕是虚构的。

B.旧史学的研究既缺少实事求是的科学态度,又缺乏科学的考古资料。因而它受到古史辨派的无情批判。

C.王国维的“二重证据法”让中国历史研究者认识到,在考证古史时不仅要注重历史文献的记载。也要重视地下出土的新材料。

D.许慎的《说文解字》没有利用汉字的早期形式,而主要依据小篆来研究古文字,这使它在解释字源方面存在着一定的不足。