问题 填空题

制备锌印刷电路板是用稀硝酸腐蚀锌板,产生的废液称“烂板液”。“烂板液”中含硝酸锌外,还含有自来水带入的Cl和Fe3+。在实验室里,用“烂板液”制取ZnSO4·7H2O的过程如下:

(1)若稀硝酸腐蚀锌板时还原产物为N2O,氧化剂与还原剂的物质的量之比是       

(2)若步骤①的pH>12,则Zn(OH)2溶解生成四羟基合锌酸钠。写出Zn(OH)2被溶解的离子方程式                                                

(3)滤液D中除了含有OH离子外,还含有的阴离子有             (填离子符号)。

(4)若滤液E的pH=4,c(Zn2+)=2mol·L-1,c(Fe3+)=2.6×l0-9mol·L-1,能求得的溶度积是       (填选项)。

A.Ksp[Zn(OH)2]    B.Ksp[Zn(OH)2]和Ksp[Fe(OH)3]    C.Ksp[Fe(OH)3]

(5)步骤③要控制pH在一定范围。实验室用pH试纸测定溶液pH的方法是:                    

(6)已知:①Fe(OH)3(s)Fe3+(aq)+3OH-(aq) ; ΔH=" a" kJ•mol-1

②H2O(l)  H+(aq)+OH-(aq) ;ΔH=" b" kJ•mol-1

请写出Fe3+发生水解反应的热化学方程式:                             。

若①的溶度积常数为KSP,②的离子积常数为KW,Fe3+发生水解反应的平衡常数:

K=                 。(用含KSP、KW的代数式表示)

答案

(1)1:2

(2)Zn(OH)2+2OH-=ZnO22-+2H2O

(3)Cl-、NO3-

(4)C

(5)将pH试纸放在玻璃片上,用玻璃棒醮取待测点在试纸中间,待颜色变化稳定后与比色卡对比,读出读数

(6)Fe3+(aq) +3H2O(l) Fe(OH)3(s) +3H+(aq) △H=(3b-a)kJ·mol-1   

题目分析:(1)4Zn+10HNO34Zn(NO3)2+N2O+5H2O,HNO3做氧化剂,但是10molHNO3里面发生化合价改变只有2mol,Zn做还原剂,所以氧化剂与还原剂的物质的量之比是1 :2。

(2)偏铝酸钠在水溶液中都是以Na[Al(OH)4]的形式存在,以前只不过是为了方便,把它简写成NaAlO2。但它的实际组成还是Na[Al(OH)4]。 NaAlO2偏铝酸钠是简写,就像氢离子(H)实际上是水合氢离子一样。[Zn(OH)4]与此相类似。

(4)在一定条件下,难溶强电解质AmBn溶于水形成饱和溶液时,溶质的离子与该固态物质之间建立动态平衡,叫作沉淀溶解平衡。这时,离子浓度的乘积为一常数,叫作溶度积,用Ksp表示。很明显,滤液E的pH=4时,Zn(OH)2已经溶解,所以无法求得溶度积,而Fe(OH)3是已沉淀形式存在,所以可以求得。

(6)由②×3-①即可得到Fe3+(aq) +3H2O(l) Fe(OH)3(s) +3H+(aq) △H=(3b-a)kJ·mol-1

Ksp[Fe(OH)3]=c(Fe3)·c3(OH)  KW=c(OH)·c(H)

Fe3+发生水解反应的平衡常数:K===

阅读理解

阅读理解。

    One day when some government officials were rebuilding a barn (谷仓), they found a mouse hole in a

corner and used smoke to force the mice inside the hole to come out. A while later they indeed saw mice

running out, one after another. Then, everyone thought that all the mice had escaped. But just as they began

to clean up, they saw two mice squeezing (挤) out at the mouth of the hole. With some efforts, the mice

finally got out. However, it was strange that after they came out of the hole, they did not run away immediately.

Instead, one chased after the other near the mouth of the hole. It seemed that one was trying to bite (咬)

the tail of the other.

    Everyone was puzzled, so they stepped nearer to take a look. They realized that one of the mice was blind

and could not see anything, and the other was trying to allow the blind mouse to bite on his tail so that he

could pull the blind one with him to escape.

    After seeing what happened, everyone was speechless and lost in thought. During the meal time, the group

of people sat down in a circle and started to chat about what happened to the two mice.

    One serious American official said:"I think the relationship between those two mice was that of king and

guard." The others thought for a while and said:"That was why!"

    A smart French said:"I think the relationship between those two mice was that of husband and wife."

Again the others thought for a while, and all felt it made sense.

    A Japanese said:"I think the relationship between those two mice was that of mother and son." Once again

the others thought for a while, and felt this was more reasonable. So they expressed agreement another time.

    At that moment, one Chinese asked:"Why did those two mice have to have a certain relationship?"

    Suddenly, the group looked back at the Chinese and remained speechless. The American official, the

French and the Japanese who had spoken earlier all lowered their heads in shame, and did not dare to answer.

    In fact, the true love is not built on friendship, loyalty or blood relationship. Instead, it is based on no

relationship.

1.Neither of the two mice ran away immediately because           . [ ]

A.one was biting the other

B.the mouth of the hole was too small

C.they were not afraid of smoke

D.one was trying to help the blind one

2.Why did they lower their heads in shame according to the passage? [ ]

A.They did not dare to answer.

B.They had mistaken the relationship of the mice.

C.They regretted driving a poor blind mouse away.

D.They did not express themselves much better.

3.It is clear that ______. [ ]

A.all the mice came out of the hole easily

B.each of the people understood the relationship differently

C.the people wanted to kill the mice with smoke

D.the people knew one of the mice was blind at first sight

4.The best title for the passage is           .[ ]

A.TWO IOVEIY MICE

B.HEIP PRODUCES LOVE

C.FRIENDS IN NEED

D.LOVE IS ALL.

单项选择题